Hard currency, usually issued by highly industrialized countries, is widely accepted as a trade payment currency in the world. Its currency value remains stable in the short and medium term, and it has extremely high liquidity in the foreign exchange market.

Hard currency refers to a currency with good international credit, stable currency value and strong exchange rate. Due to the different levels of inflation, balance of payments and foreign exchange control in different countries, when a country has a low inflation rate and a surplus balance of payments, its currency value is relatively stable and its exchange rate is firm. In the international financial market, it is customarily called hard currency.

Futures are relative to spot. Futures are the subject matter that is bought and sold now, but will be settled or delivered in the future. This subject matter can be gold, crude oil, agricultural products, financial instruments, financial indicators and other commodities. The delivery date of futures can be one week later, one month later, three months later or even one year later. A contract or agreement to buy or sell futures is called a futures contract. The place where futures are bought and sold is called the futures market. Investors can invest or speculate in futures. Improper speculation on futures, such as short selling stocks, will lead to financial market turmoil.