Besides, crude oil and asphalt belong to different types of products. In the market, their supply relationship is in direct proportion, that is, the output of crude oil is large, and the output of asphalt is also large, but the demand relationship is not in direct proportion, which may lead to the shortage of crude oil and the price rise, while the supply of asphalt exceeds demand and the price falls.
Crude oil is a dark brown viscous oily liquid with green fluorescence and special smell, which is a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatics and olefins.
Its main components are carbon and hydrogen, and a small amount of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and trace elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, nickel, iron and vanadium. Specific gravity 0.78 ~ 0.97, molecular weight 280 ~ 300, freezing point -50 ~ 24℃.
Crude oil composition
On average, crude oil consists of the following elements or compounds:
Carbon -84%
Hydrogen-14%
Sulfur-1 ~ 3% (hydrogen sulfide, sulfide, disulfide and elemental sulfur)
Nitrogen-less than 1% (basic compound containing amino group)
Oxygen-less than 1% (existing in organic compounds such as carbon dioxide, phenol, ketone and carboxylic acid)
Metal-less than 1% (nickel, iron, vanadium, copper, arsenic)
Classification of crude oil
Classification by composition: paraffin-based crude oil, naphthenic base crude oil and intermediate base crude oil;
Classification by sulfur content: ultra-low sulfur crude oil, low sulfur crude oil, sulfur crude oil and high sulfur crude oil;
Classification by specific gravity: light crude oil, medium crude oil and heavy crude oil are divided into three categories.
The properties of crude oil include physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties include color, density, viscosity, freezing point, solubility, calorific value, fluorescence, optical rotation and so on. Chemical properties include chemical composition, composition and impurity content.
Crude oil products can be divided into six categories: petroleum fuels, petroleum solvents and chemical raw materials, lubricants, paraffin, petroleum asphalt and petroleum coke. Among them, the output of various fuels is the largest, close to 90% of the total output; There are the most varieties of lubricants, and the output accounts for about 5%.
Crude oil products have a very wide range of functions and functions in social and economic development.
Crude oil products are the main suppliers of energy.
Crude oil products, mainly gasoline, kerosene, diesel, heavy oil and natural gas produced by crude oil refining, are the main suppliers of major energy sources at present. The energy provided by crude oil products is mainly used as fuel for automobiles, tractors, airplanes, ships and boilers, and a small amount is used as civil fuel.