If you think the futures price will go up, go long (buy and open positions), go up (sell) and close positions, and earn: price difference = close positions-open positions.
If you think the futures price will fall, short (sell the position), fall (buy) and close the position, and earn: price difference = opening price-closing price.
Futures is a zero-sum game. If you lose money, you will always make money, regardless of the handling fee, so any futures can make money (or lose money).
It is generally easy to understand how long futures are, but it is not easy to understand how short futures are. Let's take shorting corn as an example to explain the principle of shorting futures:
When the price of corn is 2000 yuan per ton, it is estimated that the price will fall. You signed a first-hand (65,438+00 tons) selling contract with the buyer in the futures market. (For example, it is agreed that you can sell him 10 tons of standard corn at any time within six months, at a price of 2,000 yuan per ton. (The value is 2000× 10 = 2000. )
This is short selling (selling open positions). In practice, you are a futures contract that sells open corn contracts.
Why should a buyer sign a contract with you? Because he's awesome.
When signing a contract, you don't necessarily have corn in your hand (generally you don't really want to sell corn). If you observe the market, the market drops to 1800 yuan per ton as you wish. You buy 1800 tons of corn at the price of 1800 yuan in the market and sell it to the buyer at the contract price of 2,000 yuan per ton.
(2000-1800) × 10 = 2000 (yuan) (the handling fee is generally10 yuan, which is ignored).
This is profit liquidation. In practice, you are buying futures contracts to liquidate primary corn.
The buyer (not specified) who signed the contract with you lost 2000 yuan (the handling fee was ignored).
● For the whole operation, you only need to sell corn for 2000 yuan, and buy one flat for 1800, which is very convenient.
After the futures are opened, they can be closed at any time before the delivery date, or they can be bought and sold multiple times on the same day (generally, there is no handling fee for closing positions on the same day). If the price of corn rises within half a year, you have no chance to buy low-priced corn to close your position, you will be forced to buy high-priced corn to close your position (the contract must be closed at the expiration), you will lose money, and the buyer who signed with you will make a profit.
If you close your position at 2200, you will lose money:
(2200-2000)× 10=2000 (yuan)+10 yuan handling fee.
The buyer (not specified) who signed the contract with you earned 2000 yuan (the handling fee was ignored).
Futures speculation is very similar to the stock market, but there are also obvious differences.
First, large-cap stocks are traded in full, that is, you can only buy as many shares as you have, while the futures system is a margin system, that is, you only need to pay 5% to 10% of the turnover to trade 100%. For example, if an investor has 1 10,000 yuan, he can only buy shares of 1 10,000 yuan. If the futures margin is 10%, he can sign (buy, sell) commodity futures contracts of 65,438+10,000 yuan, that is to say, he can save money by making small bets.
Second, the two-way trading of stocks is one-way. Only by buying stocks first can you sell them. Futures can be bought first and then sold, which is a two-way transaction, and bear market can also make money.
Three, futures trading is generally a commodity, the fundamentals are relatively transparent, the number of contracts (buying and selling) is theoretically infinite, the trend is relatively stable, and it is not easy to manipulate. The number of stocks is limited, the fundamentals are opaque, and it is easy to be manipulated by bad bookmakers.
Four, the futures price is relatively small, generally 3%-6%. When the board stops trading three times in a row in one direction, the exchange can arrange for customers who want to stop losses to close their positions. The range of the stock price limit is 10%, and there are times when the daily limit can't come out for several consecutive times.
5. Due to the restrictions of margin system, additional margin system and forced liquidation at maturity, futures are characterized by high returns and high risks. If Man Cang operates, futures can make you rich overnight, or you may lose all your money in an instant (short position), so the risk is great, but it is controllable. Investors should invest carefully and remember not to operate in Man Cang. There is basically no loss in doing stocks.
6. Futures is T+0 trading, and it can be traded several times a day. You can close the position immediately after opening the position. The handling fee is lower than that of stocks (about 1/10,000 to 5/10,000, and generally there is no handling fee for closing positions on the same day). Shares are traded at T+ 1 and can only be sold on the second trading day. The transaction cost is about eight thousandths of the turnover.
Futures can make money. But the money it earned was lost by others, and it had to bear the transaction cost, so it was not easy to make money in futures (but it was easier than when the bear market fell).
Futures are risky, so be careful when entering the market!
Attach to futures account:
First go to a futures brokerage company (search online, preferably one with large scale, good reputation and top ranking) or a local sales department to open an account.
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A. To open an account, a natural person must show his ID card and submit a copy to open an account in a bank designated by a futures brokerage company. In principle, a deposit of 50,000 yuan is required (not required by some companies), the account opening information registration form is filled in, the video materials and scanned ID cards are left, and the futures brokerage contract and all its attachments are signed.
B. A legal person shall submit the following documents when opening an account: ① a copy of the business license; (2) A copy of the tax registration certificate; (3) the name and account number of the bank; (4) A copy of the ID card of the legal representative; ⑤ A copy of the authorized person's ID card. Fill in the Registration Form of Legal Person Account Opening Information, and the legal representative shall personally sign or authorize the signing of the Futures Brokerage Contract and all its annexes, and affix the official seal of the unit.
C. The client shall designate 1-2 as the fund distributor and 1-2 as the issuer of the trading instruction in the futures brokerage contract document (the issuer of the instruction is regarded as the signatory of the settlement instruction). The designated fund distributor and the person issuing the transaction instruction must personally sign, provide the ID card and its copy, and reserve the seal.
Precautions for opening an account:
1. Please read the Risk Statement, Instructions to Customers, Contract Text and other relevant texts carefully before entering the site.
2. Account opening information provided (business license, ID card, etc.). ) must be within the validity period.
3. The signatures involved in the contract must be signed by the relevant personnel themselves, and may not be signed on their behalf.
Opening an account is free, and the handling fee can be negotiated with the sales department.
5. If it is online trading, download the online trading software of the futures brokerage company (with market analysis software) and install it on the computer.
Enter the online trading system, and you can trade futures online.