National debt was first born in Britain (in the modern sense), and futures was first born in Europe. National debt is a bond issued by the state as the main body. It has the highest credit and is recognized as the safest investment tool, which is generally called "risk-free rate of return".

Futures are standardized tradable contracts with commodities as the subject matter. Commodities are delivered according to the agreed time limit, and futures trade the standard contract of commodities rather than the commodities themselves.