1. silver standard. The silver standard system is one of the earliest monetary systems, which refers to the monetary system with silver as the monetary material. The silver standard system has been popular since16th century, but as an independent monetary system, it has not existed for a long time in some countries and its scope of implementation is not wide.
According to the different ways to determine the price, there are three types of gold and silver dual standard system:
(1) parallel standard system. That is, the price between gold coins and silver coins is determined by the market value of gold and silver itself. For example, in 1663, the gold coin "Gini" and the silver coin "shilling" minted in Britain were used together, and the two currencies were circulated according to the actual market value of gold and silver.
(2) Double standard system. That is to say, the exchange rate of gold coins and silver coins is stipulated by the state. For example, the United States stipulated in 1792 that the legal exchange rate of gold and silver coins was 1: 15.
(3) Lameness standard system. This is a special monetary system in the process of China's transition from multiple gold standards to gold standards. Due to the transition from legal use of silver coins to gold coins, first of all, there are more silver coins and less gold coins, and then there are more gold coins and less silver coins, which is similar to limper's one foot short.
3. The gold standard. The gold standard refers to the monetary system with gold as the monetary material. Its specific forms are: gold coin standard, gold nugget standard and gold exchange standard.
(1) gold coin standard system
The gold coin standard system is a typical gold standard system with the following characteristics:
(1) Gold coins can be freely cast, the door is melted, and gold coins are the only "legal compensation currency circulation".
(2) tokens and paper money can be freely converted into gold coins.
(3) Gold can be obtained from
(3) gold trading standard system
The gold standard system, also known as the virtual standard system, is a monetary system that implements the circulation of bank notes and only allows indirect exchange of foreign exchange for gold.
The cyclical economic crisis of capitalism, especially the world economic crisis of 1929 ~ 1933, has dealt a heavy blow to the capitalist economy. The severe economic crisis has hit the monetary system, and countries have abandoned the gold standard and turned to dishonoured credit currency.