Xinjiang leather industry used to be the leader of national light industry. According to the Secretary General of the Leather Association of the Autonomous Region, there were 18 1 leather production enterprises in Xinjiang in the late 1980s and early 1990s. At the peak of 1988, the output value of leather industry in Xinjiang reached 360 million yuan, the output of leather clothes was more than 400,000 pieces, and the profit and tax/kloc-0.57 million yuan. The products have been rated as excellent products for many times, exported to the world 16 countries and regions, and earned foreign exchange10 million dollars.
Once upon a time, its fragility was surprising. According to the statistics of the Bureau of Statistics of the Autonomous Region in 2000, according to the main economic indicators of all independent accounting industrial enterprises, the number of leather products and manufacturing enterprises is 3, with a total industrial output value of 389,000 yuan. In 0 yuan and export delivery value, the total profit is-3.049 million yuan, and the total loss of loss-making enterprises is 3.053 million yuan.
Is this huge change gap due to the exhaustion of leather raw materials in Xinjiang? Don't! As one of the five pastoral areas in China, Xinjiang has no raw materials, where did it get its former glory? Up to now, Xinjiang still supplies 10,000 pieces of cowhide 165438+ and 0,500 pieces of sheepskin/kloc-0. Raw hides can also be imported from border countries, but these raw materials are continuously transported to Haining, Zhejiang, Xinji, Hebei, Zhengzhou, Henan, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan and other places after preliminary processing.
So, is there no market in Xinjiang? Don't! Going to the major trade cities in Urumqi, the stalls of leather shoes and bags can account for more than one third. Frontier hotel has become a distribution center for tourism and shopping, exporting leather shoes and leather clothes. The port of Baktu alone exported 48 tons of 59,232 pairs of leather shoes in the first five months of this year, valued at 250,000 US dollars. According to an operator of Urumqi leather clothing market, a well-done wholesaler/kloc-0 can wholesale and retail 20,000 pieces of leather goods every year, but to the regret of Xinjiang people, most of them are not local products, and more than 90% of leather shoes and leather clothes sold and exported in Xinjiang are produced in the mainland. Is there nothing in the real estate leather market? The answer is also no, Ashan brand leather clothes, which were once very popular, are also sold in Xinjiang market, but their prices have been greatly reduced; The style and workmanship of the real estate leather clothes and leather vests are unmatched by some mainland manufacturers. Take the women's leather vests in Yaochi, Xinjiang as an example. Before 1996, the styles were still quite popular, but the leather vests processed by some mainland manufacturers have become fashionable, with small vertical collars, rhinestone-like zippers and Tang-style inclines.
In sharp contrast with leather enterprises in Xinjiang, some private enterprises from the mainland have done very well in Xinjiang in recent years. Last year alone, they imported 6 million pieces of cowhide and 8 million pieces of sheepskin from Horgos and Alashankou. After wet processing, they continuously transported semi-finished products to the mainland for sorting, and then transported them to the Xinjiang market or exported them to five Central Asian countries.
An insider said that the opening of the Eurasian Continental Bridge has made Xinjiang a bridgehead into Central Asia, Russia and even Europe. With the implementation of the western development policy, mainlanders and Taiwanese businessmen have paid close attention to this market. According to the Secretary General of Xinjiang Leather Association. The National Animal and Plant Quarantine Bureau stipulated in 13 in 2000 that all imported hides must be processed within 100 km of the port before they can be shipped out. Since the implementation of this document, mainland enterprises have built or rebuilt 20 or 30 leather processing enterprises along the port. At the beginning of this year, Zhejiang Carson Industrial Co., Ltd. reached an agreement with the Horgos Port Management Committee to establish Horgos Leather Co., Ltd. with Baiyin Carson Leather Co., Ltd., a holding subsidiary, as the main investor after land acquisition at the port. The business scope includes leather and fur processing and manufacturing, with a total investment of 20 million yuan in the first phase.
From these differences, we can see that Xinjiang leather industry has been at a disadvantage in product innovation, lack of its own leading brand and product quality. It is understood that after China's entry into WTO, the leather imported from the United States, Australia and other countries has a large volume and good quality, and the CIF price is about 8 yuan 1 square foot, while the leather imported from Xinjiang is sold to 9 yuan 10 yuan. Others' largest piece of leather is over 80 square feet, which is easy to cut, while the government's largest piece of leather is only over 30 square feet. In addition, it takes a month for Xinjiang leather to be processed into leather, while mainland manufacturers only need eight days. The products can't meet the market demand, the style is not novel, the quality in the mainland is not good, and the price is high, all of which restrict the development of leather industry in Xinjiang. In addition, the management of state-owned leather enterprises has serious separation between government and enterprise, short system and socialization of state-owned enterprises, many retirees, heavy burden and lagging management. How can these compete with the flexible market mechanism of mainland private enterprises? When the leather products from the mainland enter the Xinjiang market with new styles of moderate price and excellent quality, the leather industry in Xinjiang will only face the fate of making up for elimination. Fortunately, in recent years, Xinjiang Leather Industry Association has also proposed that Xinjiang leather should "start a second business", implement famous brand strategy, continue to implement the development policy of "centralized tanning and scattered products", focus on developing middle and high-grade sheep garment leather, wool leather and clothing, and gradually start cowhide production; Establish and improve the leather products market centered on Daximen in Urumqi and the leather production raw materials, auxiliary materials and chemical raw materials market centered on Kaziwan. Conditional areas will gradually strengthen environmental protection, establish a "leather industrial park", and concentrate on wet processing and leather wastewater treatment. I believe that after the reorganization of some enterprise assets, the leather industry in Xinjiang will be brilliant again.
China's textile growth potential is amazing, but the competition for quotas will be extremely fierce because the "special safeguard" measures in Europe and America are limited to 8% ~ 12.5%. China has never been so close to a large-scale trade war. As a cotton-producing area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, how do Xinjiang textile enterprises face the impact and challenge brought by "special protection"? Will this influence eventually spread to cotton farmers?
The voice of cotton price "rising" sounded.
The "special safeguard" storm seems to have not affected the optimism of cotton farmers and horses about cotton prices this year.
Last year, the horse planted 50 mu of cotton and didn't sell it at a good price. She only planted 30 acres this year. In the field, she calculated an account for the reporter: "The average contracting fee per mu this year is around 200 yuan; 25 yuan per mu of seeds; Urea and other fertilizers average per mu 150 yuan; Watering 5 times a year requires 75 yuan per mu; The average cost of picking an acre 150 yuan, plus the cost of digging, sowing and spraying. The main cost of an acre of land is around 650 yuan. "
"This year, the price of cotton reached 5 yuan, and less was planted. I heard that it will rise. " Ma said, "According to 5 yuan, the average seed cotton per mu is 220 Jin, and the gross profit 1 100 yuan. Excluding the cost, you can earn three or four hundred yuan per mu. "
"When the price of cotton fell last year, I didn't dare to plant it, otherwise there will be many kinds this year." Optimistic horse, but a little helpless.
Zhuang Jian, head of Dianba Township, said: "The rise in oil prices this year will inevitably lead to an increase in the price of chemical fiber, chemical fiber and cotton."
Township head Zhuang said that agricultural materials have risen too fast this year, and the picking cost has risen from the previous 0.6 yuan per kilogram to 0.7 1 yuan, and will rise to 1 yuan to 1.5 yuan when labor is in short supply. I want to use a machine to pick flowers, but a machine costs 800,000 yuan to 6,543.38+0,000 yuan, and the cotton grows evenly and spits evenly. If necessary, chemical ripening is needed to ensure the completion of one operation. It's not realistic at present.
The general manager of changji city Yinyang Cotton Company, who signed a cotton order with Dianba Township, believes that although the "special safeguard" storm will have an impact on cotton prices, cotton prices are still bullish this year: "Although quotas have been implemented, the total amount is still increasing, and China's textile exports are not only in Europe and America, so the total output is definitely increasing, and quotas only limit the change of growth rate."
Yinyang Cotton Company's reserve price for cotton farmers ranges from 4.5 yuan to 5 yuan. In this regard, the general manager explained: "Since June this year 1, the trend of futures leading the spot market has become more and more obvious, and we have been paying attention to the futures market. Now the price of cotton in the market has reached 5 yuan. Although there are many uncertainties in agricultural products, such as national macro-control policies and natural disasters, people have high expectations for cotton prices this year. In any case, the price of cotton in the international market is soaring. As the largest cotton consumer, China is short of cotton and needs to import cotton. Demand growth is affirmative. "
Wang, the marketing director of Wanda Futures Urumqi Sales Department, also put forward the reason for the increase in cotton prices: "Now it is better than March-May. At least, the trading environment is stable and the demand has entered a virtuous circle of quantitative growth. Some time ago, the trade environment was uncertain, many enterprises were afraid to buy cotton, factories could not stop working and products could not be sold, so cotton prices were low. Judging from the supply and demand situation, the decrease in cotton planting area and the increase in demand this year will definitely drive up cotton prices. "
It is understood that the average purchase price of cotton in Xinjiang last year was 538 yuan per ton, and it is estimated that the average purchase price of cotton in Xinjiang in 2005 ~ 2006 will be 550 ~ 600 yuan per ton, which is expected to increase by about 1.500 yuan compared with the same period last year.
The relevant person in charge of the office said that although there is no clear result of textile trade disputes at present, textile exports will still tend to grow, and the contradiction between cotton supply and demand is very prominent. According to the current supply and demand situation of cotton market at home and abroad, the average purchase price of cotton in Xinjiang in the new year is estimated. Due to the remarkable growth rate of investment in the national cotton spinning industry, the rise of oil price affects the price of textile chemical fiber, and the proportion of cotton used increases, and the cotton consumption will reach about 8.67 million tons, while maintaining the inventory of 6.5438+0.3 million tons. The national cotton shortage is 2 million tons, which needs to be imported from abroad.
Textile enterprises guarding cotton piles are struggling.
Xinjiang is the largest hand-picked fine cotton production base in the world and China, and the only long-staple cotton production base in China. Xinjiang's cotton production accounts for 1/3 of the whole country, 60% of the national commodity cotton trade volume and 100% of the export trade volume. 80% of Xinjiang's annual cotton production needs to be sold through domestic and foreign markets. Xinjiang's cotton planting area, total output, single output, internal sales volume and export volume are continuous 1 1 year, ranking first in China.
However, under such obvious resource advantages, textile enterprises in Xinjiang are trying to keep up with cotton piles. In 2004, the national textile industry earned 44.3 billion yuan, but Xinjiang lost 480 million yuan.
When talking about the impact of the "special safeguard" storm on cotton spinning enterprises in Xinjiang, He Xiaoyun, director of the Trade Management Department of the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Department of the autonomous region, bluntly said: "There is no impact. There are not many textile exports in Xinjiang, and many cotton spinning enterprises are almost paralyzed. In Xinjiang's textile export trade, the textiles exported by border trade account for about 90% of all textile exports and are not subject to quota restrictions; Most of Xinjiang's self-produced textiles are mainly primary products such as cotton cloth and cotton yarn, and the finished products are mainly purchased and exported in the Mainland. "
Du Yuzhou, former Deputy Minister of Textile Department and President of China Textile Association, concluded that the difficulties of textile enterprises in Xinjiang mainly come from two major problems: First, the cotton problem. In recent years, the output of cotton in Xinjiang has soared, but the development of textile enterprises has been slow. Strangely, many textile enterprises in Xinjiang are more expensive to buy cotton than mainland enterprises. Because most of the cotton in Xinjiang is sold in Xinjiang, the mainland purchases a large amount and the natural price is low. The more important factor is that mainland enterprises have many choices for cotton, whether domestic or imported; There is almost no quota for cotton imports in Xinjiang. First of all, the procurement channel is single, and Xinjiang cotton enterprises generally lose money and lack market competitiveness. If the government does not force cotton adjustment, the price is high, and cotton and linen enterprises do not want to sell it. Why? Afraid of not getting the money back.
The second aspect is the institutional problem. At present, textile enterprises in China are highly competitive industries, and the old state-owned enterprises in the past simply cannot cope with them. At present, 90% of domestic textile enterprises are restructured, and less than 10% are state-owned, while Xinjiang state-owned textile enterprises still account for 70% ~ 80%. When the system is straightened out, the employment problem of enterprises can be solved. Xinjiang textile enterprises have low employment efficiency and raise idle people. The number of employees per 10,000 spindles in the Mainland is below 60-70, with a minimum of more than 30. The average population in Xinjiang is about 200, and the gap is too big.
Internal troubles are more terrible than external troubles.
"Xinjiang's textile industry's internal troubles are more terrible than external troubles." This is the knowledge of Xinjiang textile enterprises.
Although Xinjiang is a cotton-growing area, the total industrial added value of textile enterprises in Xinjiang is only 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, accounting for only 0.3% of the whole country, which is almost negligible. Before 10, Xinjiang textile enterprises could rank among the top 10 in China.
In a sense, the influence may also be a good thing, which has become the source of introspection of Xinjiang textile enterprises.
Fan Zhihong, director of the Planning Department of Xinjiang Textile Industry Office, said: "Although most textile enterprises in Xinjiang produce upstream products, they still have to bring them to the mainland for marketing. If mainland customers face production suspension, the optional sales area will definitely shrink. The most fundamental way is to accelerate industrial upgrading. "
"Textile enterprises in Xinjiang have obvious disadvantages," said Fan Zhihong, the director. "First of all, there are a single variety of textiles and few products with high added value, all of which are' commodities'; Secondly, the single raw material structure of textile enterprises in Xinjiang is also a restrictive factor. In the developed areas of the mainland, the new fiber, a substitute product of cotton, has played a great role in the fluctuation of cotton price, and the lack of product research and development in Xinjiang textile enterprises has become a major defect; The industrial chain of textile enterprises in the mainland has formed a one-stop process, with a high degree of internal concentration and close ties. Xinjiang is a simple textile factory, competing with others to sell a single yarn product to downstream enterprises. "
"Connecting with the mainland industrial chain is the only way out for Xinjiang textile enterprises." Director Fan Zhihong said definitely.
However, no matter enterprise restructuring or industrial upgrading, it is always easier said than done. Textile enterprises are labor-intensive industries with high energy consumption, high input and low added value. Just one "high investment" will ruin many enterprises.
Everyone knows that product quality is the lifeline of an enterprise. If textile enterprises want to ensure stable quality, the biggest premise is stable equipment and stable cotton blending grade. Without a large amount of cotton reserves, it must be difficult to eat cotton now without a meal. However, if you want to buy cotton, 654.38+ 1 00000 tons of cotton will cost 654.38+100000 million yuan, so it will cost hundreds of millions at every turn, and you can't afford it without financial strength.
Changmian and Kumian, once the best textile enterprises in northern and southern Xinjiang, had their capital chains broken due to acquisition and management problems during the restructuring, which coincided with the adjustment of national macro-policies, the tightening of monetary policy and the stagnation of enterprises.
Facing the adjustment of national policy, Xinjiang Tianshan Textile does not want to repeat the mistake of "long cotton" and make new moves. On the one hand, it increased capital and shares, on the other hand, it actively negotiated with downstream customers, trying to connect with the mainland industrial chain. At present, the overall situation of the enterprise is good, the total production capacity has reached 200,000 spindles, and the cotton stock can be "eaten" at Xinhua Market, which is producing at full capacity.
Not long ago, Xinjiang Jinfang Co., Ltd., which was restructured from the former Urumqi "Qifang", refused to be interviewed by reporters, but the relevant person in charge of the Xinjiang Textile Industry Office said that "Xinjiang Jinfang" has the largest scale in Xinjiang and is now the most burdened enterprise with low equipment level. Moreover, as a textile enterprise in Urumqi, the capital, it is definitely not feasible to take the low-end route. Textile enterprises have three shifts, and the environment is difficult. Without high wages, high-tech talents can't be hired. If they want a high salary, they need high-end products. Industrial upgrading is both external pressure and internal demand.
Facing the "special safeguard" shock wave, Xinjiang Yida Textile Co., Ltd. has a rare self-confidence. As a large multinational enterprise, due to its high product grade and close industrial chain with downstream enterprises, production has entered a virtuous circle, and the influence of "special safeguard" has little effect on it, and the enterprise has not taken special measures. (Wen Jianghong, Li Run, Liu Bing)