(1) Constitution
The constitutional department is in the core and leading position in the legal system of contemporary China. At present, the constitutional department has three levels. The first level is the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) adopted by 1982 and the amendment of 17, and three constitutional amendments were adopted by 1988, 1993 and 1999 respectively. The second level mainly includes the following constitutional legal documents and norms: 1, the organization law of state organs; 2. Election Law and Representative Law; 3. Nationality Law; 4. Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region; 5. Law on Regional National Autonomy; 6. Civil Basic Rights Law; 7. Law on Judges and Prosecutors; 8. Legislation Law and Authorization Law; 9. Other subsidiary laws and normative legal documents. The third level is the interpretation of the Constitution.
(2) Administrative law
Administrative law refers to the sum of legal norms related to the adjustment of social relations formed in state administrative activities. Specifically, it includes general administrative regulations formulated by the State Council, administrative regulations formulated by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee, and local administrative regulations formulated by local state organs. Unlike the Constitution, Civil Law and Criminal Law, the administrative law department has no code, but consists of many separate laws, regulations and local regulations. This is determined by the diversity and complexity of administrative activities and the extensiveness of national administrative activities.
(3) Civil Law and Marriage and Family Law
Civil law refers to the sum of legal norms that adjust the property relations and personal relations between citizens and legal persons as equal subjects and between citizens and legal persons. The content of property relations is very extensive. Civil law mainly regulates commodity economic relations, including property ownership, commodity circulation, inheritance and intellectual property rights. It adjusts the economic relations between equal subjects, that is, horizontal economic relations. Other economic relations, such as the state's management of the economy, the vertical economic relationship between the state and enterprises, and the internal management of enterprises, are mainly regulated by economic law or administrative law. The civil law also regulates personal relations such as marriage, reputation, portrait, life and health, legal person's name and so on.
(4) Commercial law
Commercial law refers to the general term for regulating commercial legal relations and legal norms of commercial activities. The difference between commercial law and civil law and economic law lies mainly in that it regulates commercial relations or commercial behaviors, that is, enterprise organizations and commercial activities. If it is not a commercial act, it will not be adjusted.
The main normative legal documents belonging to the commercial law department are: 1, company law; 2. negotiable instrument law; 3. Insurance Law; 4. Guarantee Law; 5. Futures Trading Law; 6. Maritime law; 7. Bankruptcy Law; 8, trade law, etc.
(5) Economic law
Economic law is the general name of legal norms to adjust economic relations in the operation of national economy. It adjusts the vertical relationship in the economic field.
As a legal department, economic law is different from economic law as a general term in people's daily life. Generally speaking, economic law refers to all economic legislation related to economic content and laws regulating economic relations, while economic law, as a legal department, mainly refers to the legal norms of economic relations that occur in those countries in regulating national economic management activities and activities among various economic organizations. In the past, economic law was closely related to civil law, commercial law, administrative law and other legal departments. Because its adjustment objects are all economic relations, the relevant legal norms overlap, such as the economic contract law, which is applicable to both economic contracts and civil contracts.
(6) Labor Law and Social Security Law
Labor law refers to the general name of legal norms regulating labor relations and other relations arising from labor relations. It mainly includes: conclusion and dissolution of labor contract, signing and implementation of collective labor contract, legal working hours and rest time system, labor remuneration and wage system, minimum wage guarantee system, labor protection and labor safety and health regulations, labor security and welfare, labor discipline and reward and punishment system, employee training, trade union and employee self-management, labor dispute handling, labor legal supervision and inspection system, labor dispute mediation, arbitration and litigation system, and so on.
(7) Military law
Military law refers to the general name of legal norms that adjust the relationship between national defense construction and military aspects. This legal department is a new one in China. The legal norms that constitute this legal department have the following three levels:
1. Laws enacted by the National People's Congress and the NPC Standing Committee (Military Service Law, Regulations on Conscription, Regulations on Service of Officers in Active Service, Regulations on Service of Soldiers in Active Service, Law on Reserve Officers, Regulations on Officers' Ranks, Provisional Regulations on Civilian Cadres, and Garrison Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region);
2. Military regulations jointly formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC);
3. Rules formulated by the Central Military Commission Headquarters, the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and other military departments alone or jointly with relevant departments of the State Council. Namely, military laws, military regulations and military rules. Military-related laws mainly include: national defense law, military service law and so on. For example, the Interim Regulations on Punishing Soldiers' Crimes of Violation of Duties can belong to both military legal departments and criminal law departments.
(8) Environmental Law
Environmental law refers to the general name of legal norms that adjust and protect the relationship between human living environment and natural resources and prevent pollution and other public hazards. The legal departments mainly include natural resources law and environmental protection law. Natural resources law mainly refers to the legal norms of planning, rational development, utilization, governance and protection of various natural resources. At present, China's laws and regulations on natural resources mainly include: forest law, grassland law, fishery law, mineral resources law, water law, soil and water conservation law, land management law, energy conservation management regulations and so on. Environmental protection law mainly refers to the legal norms to protect the environment and prevent pollution and other public hazards. The legal norms related to environmental protection mainly include: environmental protection law, marine environmental protection law, water pollution prevention law and so on.
(9) Criminal Law
Criminal law refers to the sum of legal norms related to crime and punishment. It is the most basic and important legal department. The adjustment method adopted is the most severe sanction, that is, the penalty method. The division of legal departments is based on the adjustment method. In our country, all legal norms that adjust social relations by means of punishment belong to the criminal law department. The most important legal norm of this department is the criminal law passed by 1997, and it also includes some provisions on investigating criminal legal responsibility scattered in economic laws and administrative regulations.
(10) procedural law
Procedural law refers to the general name of legal norms regulating the relationship between litigation activities. It includes criminal procedure law, civil procedure law and administrative procedure law.
The litigation law department also has a secondary department law. The main normative legal documents are: lawyer law, notarization law, mediation law, arbitration law, prison law and so on.