Answer the first question: From 19, the living conditions of the Russian lower class people in the 1970s and 1980s were revealed (Gorky expressed his love and praise for these people in his works, and eulogized them through Alessa's enthusiasm for communicating with them. Through the description of Aletha's childhood experience, the works also exposed the social reality at that time. At that time, Russian society was in the 1970s and 1990s. It was on the eve of the Russian revolution that the whole society was under the rule of the czar and the people were displaced. Stealing has become an ethos among villagers, and it is no longer a sin. For ordinary citizens who are half hungry and half full, it is almost the only way to make a living. Children have no money to go to school, and eventually they live on the streets and collect junk for a living. Broadly speaking, it is this social environment in which people are in poverty that causes Alisha's personal tragedy. )

Answer the second question: it expresses the author's hope to overthrow the rule of the dark czar.