If we distinguish between glutinous rice and glutinous rice, 90% of China's rice area is glutinous rice, and glutinous rice only accounts for about 10% of the total rice area. Glutinous rice is derived from dried rice by single base mutation, but it is different only in grain texture and viscosity.

Indica rice is suitable for planting in low latitude and low altitude hot and humid areas, and its seeds are easy to fall off, and it is more resistant to humidity, heat and strong light, but not cold. Japonica rice is more suitable for high-altitude planting at high latitude or low latitude, and its seeds are not easy to fall off, and it is cold-resistant and weak-light-resistant, but not high-temperature-resistant. Therefore, japonica rice varieties are widely used in late rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and double cropping rice areas north of the Yellow River.

Generally, indica rice has poor viscosity and long and narrow grain shape; Japonica rice is sticky, short and round. The viscosity difference between indica rice and japonica rice steamed rice is mainly due to the different starch composition. Starch can be divided into amylose and amylopectin. Amylopectin is sticky and can be completely gelatinized into a viscous paste after cooking, while amylose can only form a paste with low viscosity.

Extended data:

Japonica rice is a kind of rice with short stems, narrow leaves, dark green, short and thick grains and non-sticky grains. Japonica rice seeds are wide, short, thick, oval or ovoid. The grain strength is high, the compression resistance is good, broken rice is not easy to produce during processing, the rice yield is high, and the rice swelling is small.

Compared with glazed rice, it has erect tillers and dark and hairless leaves. The plant is short, hard in texture, short in leaves, small in angle with the stem, long in inflorescence main axis, numerous and dense in spikelets, long and dense in spike weight, and abnormal in oval, short and wide grains. Location: Yellow River Basin, north and northeast of China; The south is distributed above 1800 meters above sea level, which is relatively cold-tolerant, and is a subspecies developed for mid-latitude and higher altitude areas.

Indica rice belongs to heat-resistant and short-day ecotype, which is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian and low altitude areas south of Qinling Mountains.

References:

? Baidu indica rice encyclopedia? Baidu japonica rice encyclopedia