Nickel
Element name: Nickel
Element atomic weight: 58.69
Element type: Metal
Atomic number ：28
Element symbol: Ni
Element Chinese name: Nickel
Element English name: Nickel
Relative atomic mass: 58.69< /p>
Number of protons in the nucleus: 28
Number of electrons outside the nucleus: 28
Number of nuclear power cores: 28
Proton mass: 4.6844E- 26
Relative mass of proton: 28.196
Period: 4
Group number: VIII
Molar mass: 59
Hydride: NiH3
Oxide: NiO
The chemical formula of the highest oxide: Ni2O3
Density: 8.902
Melting point: 1453.0
Boiling point: 2732.0
Peripheral electron configuration: 3d8 4s2
External electron configuration: 2,8,16,2
Color and state: silver-white metal
Atomic radius: 1.62
Common valence: +2, +3
Discovered by: Kronstadt Special
Time and place of discovery: 1751 Sweden
Element source: pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8]
Element usage: ferromagnetic Made of metallic elements, it is highly polishable and resistant to corrosion. It is mainly used in alloys (such as nickel steel and nickel silver) and as catalysts (such as Raney nickel, especially as a catalyst for hydrogenation). It can be used to make currency, etc., and can be plated on other metals to prevent rust.
Discovered by: Kronstadt Year of discovery: 1751
Discovery process:
In 1751, Kronstadt, Sweden, used red arsenic and nickel The weathered crystal grains on the ore surface are heated with charcoal to produce nickel.
Element description:
Silver-white metal, density 8.9 g/cm3. The melting point is 1455℃ and the boiling point is 2730℃. Valence 2 and 3. The ionization energy is 7.635 electron volts. It is hard, magnetic and has good plasticity. It has good corrosion resistance, is not oxidized in the air, and is resistant to strong alkali. It can be slowly dissolved in dilute acid, releasing hydrogen and producing green positive divalent nickel ions Ni2+; it does not react with oxidant solutions including nitric acid. Nickel is a moderately strong reducing agent.
Element source:
It is obtained by calcining the ore into oxides and reducing it with water, gas or carbon.
Element usage:
Mainly used to make stainless steel and other anti-corrosion alloys, such as nickel steel, chromium-nickel steel and various non-ferrous metal alloys, copper-nickel with higher nickel content Alloy, it is not easy to corrode. It is also used as a hydrogenation catalyst and used in ceramic products, special chemical vessels, electronic circuits, green glass, and the preparation of nickel compounds, etc.
Element auxiliary information:
The content of nickel in the earth's crust is not small, greater than common metals such as lead and tin, but significantly less than iron, and the melting points of nickel and iron are not the same. Up and down, so it is destined to be discovered later than iron.
At the end of the 17th century, Europeans began to pay attention to nickel arsenic (arsenic) mines. At that time, Germany used it to make cyan glass, and mining workers called it kupfernickel. "Kupfer" means "copper" in German; "nickel" is a curse word, roughly meaning "liar". Therefore, this word can be translated as "fake copper". At the time it was thought to be a mixture of copper and arsenic.
The Swedish chemist Kronster studied this mineral, and he obtained a small amount of a metal different from copper. He published a research report in 1751 and believed that this was a new metal, so he called it nickel. This is the origin of nickel's Latin name niccolum and the symbol Ni. After nickel was discovered in Europe, the Germans first mixed it into copper to make so-called German silver, or German silver, which is our country's white copper.