The methods of producing ethanol in industry include grain fermentation, wood hydrolysis, sulfite, indirect hydration of ethylene, direct hydration of ethylene, hydrogenation of acetaldehyde, carbonyl synthesis of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, etc.
2. Different uses: methanol is a commonly used mobile phase in high performance liquid chromatography, and it is also one of the famous degreasing agents. It is a basic organic chemical raw material and high-quality fuel. It is mainly used in fine chemicals, plastics and other fields to produce various organic products such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methylamine and dimethyl sulfate, and is also one of the important raw materials for pesticides and medicines.
Ethanol is the main component of wine. Ethanol can penetrate into bacteria, and at a certain concentration, protein can be coagulated and denatured, thus killing bacteria. The optimum bactericidal concentration is 75%.
3, toxicity: methanol is highly toxic, ethanol is generally harmless to the human body.
Extended data:
Physical properties:
Alcohol compounds are influenced by hydroxyl groups, and there are intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and there are also hydrogen bonds between alcohol molecules and water molecules in water. Therefore, their physical properties are quite different from the corresponding hydrocarbons.
Mainly manifested in relatively high melting point and certain water solubility. Generally speaking, lower alcohols have good water solubility, and methanol, ethanol and propanol can be mixed with water in any proportion.
Alcohols with 4~ 1 1 are oily liquids and partially soluble in water. Later, with the increase of carbon atoms, hydrocarbon groups have more and more influence on molecules, making the physical properties of higher alcohols closer to the corresponding hydrocarbons. In addition, low-grade wine has a special smell and spicy taste, while high-grade wine is odorless and tasteless.