1. Diversification: By diversifying funds into different asset classes, the overall risks and losses are reduced.
2. Asset allocation: according to the individual's risk preference and investment objectives, determine the proportion of different asset categories in the portfolio, so as to maximize returns and minimize risks.
3. Use risk management tools, such as options, futures and insurance. Avoid or reduce the risk of portfolio.
4. Constantly monitor and adjust the investment portfolio: according to factors such as market changes and changes in investment objectives, constantly adjust the investment portfolio to keep it in the best state.
In short, portfolio optimization needs to comprehensively consider investors' risk tolerance and investment objectives in order to maximize returns and minimize risks.