Russia, referred to as the Russian Federation and Russia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic composed of 22 autonomous republics, 46 states, 9 border areas, 4 autonomous regions,/kloc-0 autonomous prefectures and 3 municipalities directly under the central government. Located in the northern part of Eurasia, it spans two continents with a land area of 65,438+0,709,820 square kilometers. It is the largest country in the world and a unified multi-ethnic country composed of 1 94 nationalities. The main ethnic group is Russian, accounting for 77.7% of the country's total population.
The ancestors of Russians are Russian tribes of Eastern Slavs. At the end of 15, a unified feudal country was gradually formed with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as the center. Ivan IV changed the title of Grand Duke to czar in 1547, and Peter I was awarded the title of "All-Russian Emperor" by the Senate in 172 1 and established the Russian Empire. It embarked on the road of foreign aggression and expansion, once annexed many countries in Europe and Asia, and reached its peak during the reign of Yekaterina II Alekseyevna in the middle and late18th century. Soviet Russia was established after the October Revolution of 19 17. 1922 12.30. The Soviet Union and Russia were formed by countries that were independent from the Russian Empire after World War I. During the Cold War, they became superpowers and competed with the United States for hegemony by vigorously developing their military strength.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia, the largest joining country, inherited most of the military forces of the Soviet Union. Have the largest nuclear arsenal in the world. Russia is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, and has veto power over the resolutions of the Security Council. In addition, it is a member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and one of the BRICS countries.
Modern Russia:
1April 1992 16, the Sixth People's Congress of Russia decided to change the country name to "Russia", thus restoring the historical name; 17 finally decided to use the two official country names "Russian Federation" and "Russia", which have the same status.
199365438+February 12, the first constitutional referendum after Russia's independence was passed.
On 2001June 15, the Russian Federation, China people, China and other five countries jointly established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
20 12 in August, Russia formally joined the WTO, becoming the156th member of the WTO.
20 14 Sochi, the Russian city, hosted the Winter Olympic Games for the first time in Russian history.
On March 2014,21,Russia formally annexed the Crimean peninsula of Ukraine.
20 15 On March 28th, Russia joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
20 18 The 2nd1FIFA World Cup (Russia World Cup) was held in Russia, which was the first time that the World Cup was held in Russia and the first time that the World Cup was held in Eastern European countries.