1, common type.
The common peanut varieties belong to alternating flowering type, the main stem does not bloom, but there are many side branches with three branches. Pods are common, with thick skin and small mouth. The fruit is basically two seeds, oval, and the seed coat is mostly red or light red.
Common varieties can be divided into four types according to plant type: upright type, semi-creeping type, creeping type and tufted type.
The growth period of common peanut varieties is long, and the growth period of spring sowing is generally 5-6 months, which is suitable for sowing spring peanuts once a year. It grows luxuriantly and has strong drought resistance and barren tolerance, but the fruit is scattered and difficult to harvest, which is suitable for planting in hilly dry land.
2, dragon type.
The dragon type belongs to alternating flowering type, which does not bloom on the main stem, with slender lateral branches, strong branching, often four branches and obvious villi on the leaves.
Its fruit is curved and rod-shaped, and its seed coat is thin. Each pod has 3-5 seeds, which are conical or triangular with dents, and the seed coat is mostly dark red.
Longsheng peanut variety is drought-resistant and barren-tolerant, suitable for planting in arid or sand-flying areas, and its growth period is about 5 months. Its oil content is low, but it has a unique flavor as a food processing.
3. Pearl bean type.
This variety belongs to continuous flowering type, with main stem flowering, early flowering, short and concentrated flowering. Its plant type is erect, with weak branches, at least three branches and large leaves. Its pod is cocoon-shaped or gourd-shaped, with a thin shell and two seeds. The seeds are round or peach-shaped, and the seed coat is reddish.
Pearl bean type has the characteristics of compact plant type, concentrated fruit, full seeds and early maturity (growth period more than 4 months), so the planting area has increased at present.
4. Polymorphic type.
This variety belongs to continuous flowering type, with the main stem flowering, tall plants, few branches, stout stems, mostly purplish red, large leaves, long flowering period and large flowering amount.
The pod of this variety is beaded, the mouth is not obvious, the shell is thick, each fruit has 3-4 seeds, the seeds are cylindrical or triangular, and the peel is purple.
Many peanut varieties germinate quickly, emerge neatly and grow vigorously, but they are very early, usually about 4 years old, and the results are concentrated and full. Therefore, it can be suitable for planting in early-maturing areas in Northeast China.
Main producing areas of peanuts:
China is the largest peanut producer in the world, so its producing areas are also widely distributed.
Peanuts can be planted in Songnen Plain in the north, Hainan Island in the south, Tarim Basin in the west and coastal areas in the east, except Qinghai, Xizang Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Tibet) and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (hereinafter referred to as Ningxia).
Specifically, it can be divided into seven main producing areas, namely, the big peanut area in the north, the spring and autumn peanut area in the south, the peanut intercropping area in the Yangtze River valley in spring and summer, the peanut area in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the early-maturing peanut area in the northeast and the peanut area in the northwest. But when it comes to the main producing areas, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places have more planting output.