(1) Different issuers: As a means of financing, no matter the state, local public organizations or enterprises, they can issue bonds; And shares can only be issued by joint-stock enterprises.

(2) The stability of income is different: from the perspective of income, the interest rate of bonds is fixed before purchase, and fixed interest can be obtained at maturity, regardless of whether the company issuing bonds is profitable or not; The dividend yield of general stocks is uncertain before purchase, and the dividend income changes with the change of profitability of joint-stock companies. More profits means more, less profits means less, and no profits are allowed.

(3) Different capital preservation ability: from the perspective of principal, the principal can be recovered when the bond expires, which means that even the principal and interest can be obtained, just like lending;

The stock has no expiration date. Once the stock principal is handed over to the company, it cannot be recovered. As long as the company exists, it will always be dominated by the company. Once the company goes bankrupt, it depends on the liquidation of the company's remaining assets, and even the principal will be eroded.

(4) Different economic interests: The above-mentioned principal and interest situation shows that bonds and stocks are essentially two different securities, reflecting different economic interests. Bonds represent only a creditor's right to the company, while stocks represent the ownership of the company. Different ownership relationships determine that bondholders have no right to ask about the company's operation and management, while stock holders have the right to directly or indirectly participate in the company's operation and management.

(5) Different risks: bonds are only general investment objects, and the turnover rate is lower than that of stocks; Stock is not only a general investment object, but also the main investment object of financial market. Its transaction and transfer turnover rate is high, the market price changes greatly, it can go up or down, its security is low, its risk is high, but it can obtain higher expected returns.

The difference between stocks and futures:

1, stock T+ 1, futures T+0.

2. Stocks can only be traded unilaterally, and futures can be traded in both directions.

3, stocks have no leverage, only margin financing, futures, and leverage ratio!

4. There are many stocks and few kinds of futures.

5. The risk of stocks is less than that of futures!

Stock index futures adopt margin trading system. Investors do not need to pay the full contract value when trading stock index futures, but only pay a certain proportion of the contract value as a settlement and performance guarantee, which also determines that the margin trading system has a certain amplification effect. In the event of an extreme market, the loss of investors may exceed the principal invested.

In terms of stock trading, at present, the domestic Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges all adopt the full trading mode. Investors need to pay all the capital of the stock market value when buying shares, and the maximum loss of their transactions is limited to the invested principal.

Stock index futures trading adopts debt-free day settlement system. After the closing of the trading day, the futures company shall settle the investors' profits and losses and related expenses, and carry forward the actual profits and losses. After the settlement on the same day, if the investor's margin is insufficient, he must take timely measures such as additional funds or liquidation to meet the margin requirements, otherwise he will be forced to liquidate his position. Before the stock is sold, there is no daily settlement, no daily profit and loss transfer, and investors do not need additional funds.

Stock index futures contracts have an expiration date and cannot be held indefinitely. Different stock index futures contracts have different expiration dates, so investors must pay attention to the specific expiration date of their contracts when participating in stock index futures trading, so as to decide whether to close their positions in advance or wait for the contract to expire for cash delivery. In stock trading, as long as the stock is not delisted, it can generally be held after buying.

Stock index futures have the characteristics of two-way trading, which can be bought first and then sold, or sold first and then bought. In terms of stock trading, there is no short selling mechanism in some countries' stock markets, and short selling is not allowed. You can only buy first and then sell. At this time, stock trading is a one-way transaction.