The distribution of mineral resources in China is as follows: Oil and natural gas are mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China. Coal is mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China. Iron is mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and Southwest China. Copper is mainly distributed in southwest, northwest and east China. Lead-zinc mines are all over the country. Tungsten, tin, molybdenum, antimony and rare earth minerals are mainly distributed in South China and North China. Gold and silver mines are distributed all over the country, and there are also important producing areas in Taiwan Province Province. Phosphate rock is mainly in the south of China.
The main mineral resources include:
◆ Coal resources: China ranks first in the world in coal reserves. The proven coal reserves in China are 654.38+000 billion tons, mainly distributed in North China and Northwest China, with Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other provinces and regions having the most abundant reserves.
Oil and gas resources: mainly in the northwest, followed by the shallow continental shelf in the northeast, north China and southeast coast. By the end of 1998, 509 oil fields and 163 gas fields had been discovered in China. The cumulative proven geological reserves of oil and natural gas are1985 million tons and 1.95 trillion cubic meters respectively, ranking ninth and 20th in the world. Among them, onshore oil resources and natural gas resources account for 73.8% and 78.4% of the total similar resources in China, respectively, forming six oil and gas regions: Songliao, Bohai Bay, Tarim, Junggar-Turpan and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia.
Metal minerals:
◆ Ferrous metals: iron, manganese, vanadium, titanium, etc. have proven reserves. Among them, iron ore reserves are nearly 50 billion tons, mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi and Sichuan provinces.
◆ Non-ferrous metals: All the non-ferrous metal mines found in the world are located in China. Among them, rare earth reserves account for about 80% of the world's total, antimony reserves account for 40% of the world's total, and tungsten reserves are four times that of other countries in the world.
By the end of 2000, minerals 17 1 species had been discovered in China, including 157 species with proven reserves and more than 20,000 mineral sites.
(1) Energy and mineral resources China is rich in energy and mineral resources, but its structure is not ideal, with a large proportion of coal resources and relatively few oil and gas resources. The characteristics of coal resources are: large reserves, but low degree of exploration; The coal types are complete, but the fat and thin are uneven, and the reserves of high-quality coking coal and anthracite are not much; Widely distributed, but the reserves vary greatly, with less in the east and more in the west, rich in the north and poor in the south; The resources are deep in the east and shallow in the west, and there is not much open-pit coal, mainly lignite; There are many associated minerals in the coal seam. The characteristics of oil and gas resources are: large oil resources, one of the countries in the world 10, with recoverable resources exceeding1500 million tons; The proven degree of resources is low, and the proven geological reserves of oil on land only account for 1/5 of the total resources, and the proven degree of offshore waters is even lower; The distribution is relatively concentrated. 14 The oil resources of the basins with a scale of over 654.38+10,000 square kilometers account for 73% of the whole country, and the natural gas resources in the central and western regions exceed half of the whole country. Other energy minerals, such as geothermal energy and oil shale, are also abundant in China.
(II) Metal Mineral Resources China is one of the countries with rich metal mineral resources in the world. All the metal minerals found in the world have proven reserves in China. Among them, the proven reserves of tungsten, tin, antimony, rare earth, tantalum and titanium rank first in the world, vanadium, molybdenum, niobium, beryllium and lithium rank second, zinc ranks fourth and iron, lead, gold and silver rank fifth. The characteristics of metal mineral resources are: widely distributed, but relatively concentrated in several areas, such as iron ore mainly distributed in Anshan-Benxi, northern Hebei and Shanxi, bauxite mainly concentrated in Shanxi, Henan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces, tungsten mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan and Guangdong, and tin mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan; Some minerals such as tungsten, tin, aluminum, antimony and rare earth have large reserves and high quality, which are very competitive in the world. Many important minerals are of poor quality, such as iron, manganese, aluminum and copper. There are many poor minerals and many refractory minerals; Small and medium-sized deposits account for a large proportion, while large and super-large deposits account for a small proportion.
(III) Non-metallic mineral resources China is one of the few countries with relatively complete varieties of non-metallic minerals in the world, and there are more than 5,000 non-metallic mineral producing areas with proven reserves in China. Most nonmetallic mineral resources are rich in proven reserves, among which magnesite, graphite, fluorite, talc, asbestos, gypsum, barite, wollastonite, alunite, bentonite, rock salt and other minerals rank among the top in the world. The proven reserves of phosphorus, kaolin, pyrite, mirabilite, diatomite, zeolite, perlite, marl and other minerals occupy an important position in the world. Natural stone materials such as marble and granite are of good quality and rich in reserves; Potash and boron resources are in short supply. However, some nonmetallic minerals are unevenly distributed, especially in coastal and economically developed areas, and the proven reserves cannot meet the needs of local economic development and export of foreign exchange-earning resources.
(IV) Water and natural gas mineral resources China has proved 870 billion cubic meters of natural groundwater resources, 290 billion cubic meters of recoverable resources and about 20 billion cubic meters of natural underground brackish water resources. The regional distribution of groundwater resources is uneven, with abundant in the south and poor in the northwest. Groundwater aquifer types are obviously distributed in the region, with pore water mainly concentrated in the north and karst water widely distributed in the southwest.
More than 3,000 geothermal spots have been discovered in China, and 298 geothermal fields have been explored and evaluated, including 89 hot water fields above 60℃. The proven recoverable amount of geothermal fluid is 166497 m3/day, equivalent to 2.987 million tons of standard coal. Mineral water resources and carbon dioxide gas resources are also rich.