In Porto, these people met a special envoy sent by Henry of Portugal, actually a French jazz, who will become the first king of Portugal in the future. Henry persuaded these crusaders to join the siege of Lisbon, because Lisbon was still in the hands of Muslims.
The Crusaders accepted the proposal.
Now, let's analyze why these crusaders turned to Palestine halfway and began to prepare for the siege of Lisbon. Basically, two reasons can be found, which are generally recognized at present, because it is basically difficult to find other logical reasons besides these two.
First of all, the Crusaders were promised that they could take part in looting after breaking the city. We know that in the Middle Ages, robbing enemy towns was a routine supply plan. It should be said that it was also an important source for the expeditionary force to obtain supplies at that time. Of course, when robbing clothes and food, it is impossible to turn a blind eye to jewelry and coins, so this plunder is usually quite thorough. This means that if a wealthy town is captured, the spoils of every soldier in the army will be quite rich, and Lisbon is such a town, which is determined by its geographical position, so obviously, this huge material benefit is very attractive.
Secondly, and more importantly, a Portuguese bishop told the Crusaders that they would get the same spiritual and religious satisfaction and authorization as going to Palestine to attack Muslims. So we saw this logic appear again, and this time it was quite typical. Since the Muslims who attacked the hinterland of the Middle East were exactly the same as those who attacked Lisbon, why did they stubbornly go to Edesa or Damascus? Why not do it?
So in the end, this crusader team participated in launching the siege war in Lisbon. Judging from the results of this campaign, the aid of the Crusaders was the key to the victory of this campaign, and the capture of Lisbon became the decisive condition for the successful establishment of the Portuguese kingdom in the Middle Ages. Therefore, we can say that without this crusader, there would be no later Portuguese kingdom. As for whether there will be a modern Portugal, it is hard to say and history is hard to assume.
The Crusaders who captured Lisbon then stayed in the city for the winter. After the severe winter, some people continued to March eastward to achieve their original goal, while others, said to be a larger group, either went home with trophies or began to settle in Portugal.
Then, if we carefully taste the Portuguese incident, we can still feel the obvious taste of deformation, as mentioned above. Some people in the Crusaders, according to relevant information, are the majority. Obviously, they think that winning the trophy and successfully defeating Muslims in Portugal, which is not too far from home, is equivalent to going to the Holy Land for a hard expedition to save Edesa and the Crusader countries. It is easy for us to realize that this is a tricky practice, but logically speaking, there is no loophole in this practice. We took part in the expedition, and we also took part in the battle and successfully defeated the pagan Muslims. So, what is our promise? Anything else?
It's really gone
So what do the Pope and the kings and nobles who directly launched the Second Crusade think about this? I don't think they can emotionally agree with this practice. Because the Pope's speech made it clear that the reason for another Crusade was the tragedy of Edesa and the difficult situation of the Crusaders. Why did a fight in Portugal end? You haven't finished your task yet. In fact, you haven't even started yet. ......
Obviously, the Crusaders thought completely differently, or most people thought differently. They regard their responsibility as a contractual obligation, so all contracts have two aspects: responsibility and benefit acquisition. Ah, they are all normal and fair contracts. So who is this contract signed with? Sign with the church and the Pope. What is matter? Attack Muslims and get corresponding material and religious rewards. Obviously, Lisbon World War I made them fulfill their responsibilities, so they can go home contentedly with trophies and spiritual glory, or settle in Portugal.
But after all, a small number of people continue to embark on their expeditions to face the long hardships and bloodshed on the road ahead. Then, for these people, we can make corresponding guesses, such as motivation. Just as we have analyzed the first crusader before, these analyses can also be applied to those who persist in the expedition. First, they obviously have a more complete and loyal belief and sense of responsibility. Secondly, they may also contain many different interests, such as the idea of acquiring more territory or property in the Middle East. We have analyzed these before, so I won't repeat them here. What needs to be repeated here may be the following sentence:
For a long time, some arguments are used to simplifying historical figures or figures into shadow play. It is said that it is now renamed Liao Opera. The characters in each drama have only one plane, either always out of touch with the world correctly or super invincible and despicable in the whole universe. For example, when watching Beijing Opera, Cao Cao is a big white face when he appears, and when Liu Huangshu appears, the wise SHEN WOO is radiant, elegant and romantic. Why do you ask? I think this is because Liu Huangshu is an uncle and is related to the Han Dynasty emperor. It is said that he is fighting to return the world to the Liu family. Of course, the uncle himself is also a member of the Liu family. According to the habitual thinking of Confucianism for thousands of years, it is more reasonable and legal for his family to rebel than to let the old Cao family get rid of it. In addition, Liu Huangshu said that he would expel the Han thieves, but he didn't fight to be an emperor, but to be a loyal minister. Believe it or not, I believe it anyway ... In fact, as we all know, human nature is extremely complex and multidimensional, and it is impossible to simply flatten it. The greatness of a great man is not because he doesn't eat human fireworks, but because his sense of justice and conscience can overcome his selfishness at critical times. The reason why a hero is a hero is not because he has no fear, but because he has a conscience and he can overcome fear.
Therefore, we assume that the Crusaders of that year had complicated realistic interests under the motivation of believing in ideals, which I think is reasonable, because this is the normal embodiment of human nature. Of course, those supporters who are only interested in profit or robbery may all be white faces, or even white faces, so it is not surprising to treat others according to their own needs.
I can only say that people are different, because different beliefs are the fundamental reasons for the differences between people. This question can of course be asked. For example, why do people have different beliefs? You ask the question to this extent, which at least shows that you are good at thinking and once again shows that you have the ability to think about right and wrong. Of course, this does not mean that you must have an honest view of right and wrong.
There are only two points to answer this question rationally, namely, the dual influence of genes and acquired environment. This answer is actually not an answer, but a perfunctory one, because it will lead to a repetitive question: why are genes different from the acquired environment? Reason cannot answer this question. Nothing more than randomness and contingency. It is still waiting and expecting other smarter answers, just as Darwin is waiting and expecting the amazing discovery of biological archaeology. This is the last time to connect with the invincible big black hole of the middle generation, such as BIGBANG ... Fortunately, the old man died early, otherwise it would be very painful to really see it, and people are the most. Murphy is facing the complete collapse of his beliefs, so the ancients said that a leopard cannot change his spots ... so the catastrophe theory that the boss strongly opposed has now become a beautifully dressed little girl. Anyway, no matter how old you are, the most important thing is to let the believers of evolution continue to escape from the crisis of belief collapse, cover their eyes and the world will be quiet. Well, isn't observation related to observers? Since you can observe electrons in the form of waves and particles, and you immediately get the observation results that are completely consistent with your observation method, why can't I close my eyes and open my eyes? Or shut up and open your mouth? This is called quantum state, or quantum state for short.
This logic is logical, right? Attitude is changeable, quantifiable and reasonable, and it is actually the only reasonable and logical way. If this thing is unreasonable, scientists will become fine points in the electronic observation room. This is not funny. The logic will continue anyway. We use a quantum attitude to solve the problem of electrons. What logic needs is constant unity, and then differences and unity. Electrons can't be unified in the laboratory, but we still have a quantum attitude and can be unified.
So we can see that the expedition to Palestine, in the face of quantum attitude, has basically become an attack on Lisbon, and both wave and particle images can be unified into electrons. Why can't it be unified? Just one thing, just a logical problem of quantum attitude.
Logic is really wonderful. The most wonderful thing is that you never know when it will bring you to the absurd side, the cruel side and the evil side, and you will never be able to recover. Reason can't show conscience, which I think is the fundamental reason. Of course, you may not really understand this sentence.
A long time ago, I once read an article about the master of futures trading. This man has been doing futures for a long time, from scratch, for several years, and has become a rich man. If he made a fortune from scratch in a few weeks, then his subsequent fiasco is not surprising ..... This sentence may not be known to many students. But he did it for a few years and became famous. There are still some people who know the goods, so it is not surprising that he is famous. But in front of such a master, there was a deal that made him quickly return to the ... three-year natural disaster period. He finally left when there were millions left, so he was really a master. Some people say that this man can make a comeback because he still has the money left to start over.
Looking back, I found that I had been shorting in the upward trend. I really don't understand why I did that.
Do students understand?
If your answer is clear, it means that you don't understand, your mind is simple and you don't know what it means. You might want to say greed? That's a novice's mistake. This man lived in the futures market for several years. Before this fiasco ... go back and read it carefully.
If you don't understand the answer, you can also create it. It is not difficult to read the relevant materials of wave-particle duality carefully. Logic oversteppes the line and is called tragedy.
What is the boundary? You have been vaguely aware of it since you were sensible. Conscience, the simplest thing that cannot be logically sourced, is the standard of right and wrong.
The upward trend is clear at a glance, and right and wrong are clear, which is often the case. However, these two things can't stand the infinite in-depth logic. Do you know what you will lack if you go further? You will lack the simplest, "looking back".
The ancients said: suddenly look back.
The first team of the second crusade created Portugal in the face of infinite logic, so what will the second crusade lose? Have you thought of it?
"I don't know how to say it, but it is wrong. You are absolutely not allowed to do it. " This is a vernacular translation of what a loyal minister said to the son of heaven in the official history of his ancestors. Rare washing tools.
Well, whether you understand it or not, it doesn't matter if you continue reading history books. The reason is simple, the trick is complicated, and the sophistry is complicated. Then in the next chapter, let's take a look at the experience of the main force of the king's second eastward expedition.
Of course, as I said, to see these historical facts, we only need to have literacy, historical thinking and high self-cultivation. Good luck with logic.
Author: andyty2009 Date of submission: 20 1 1-09-30 23:50
Update a chapter, showing the error. It hasn't come out yet, and it's uncertain whether it can come out. Just wait and see, and then reissue it if it hasn't come back.
Author: andyty2009 submission date: 201-10-12004: 39.
King Conrad established a huge army in Germany, which was assembled from his whole country, with a total number of about 20 thousand people. We know that in the Middle Ages in Europe, it was a huge army. In fact, in modern Europe, it was also a huge army. This army set out in late May of 1 147, along the marching route of the first Crusade, along the Rhine until it was red and then to the Danube.
In this team, there is a young man who goes out with King Conrad. This young man is the famous and future emperor Frederick I. Frederick I is still a minor at this time, but he won the appreciation and trust of his uncle and was awarded the official position here.
The Germans finally arrived in Constantinople in September. Before that, they crossed Hungary peacefully, but after entering the Byzantine border, they began to clash with the imperial army. These conflicts are small in scale and have not evolved into full-scale wars, but they often occur. We are familiar with this scene, because in the process of the first Crusade, the same thing happened frequently, so there was friction between Latin and Greek. This friction continued even after the Germans entered Constantinople. Finally, Conrad even publicly threatened to stop the Crusades and directly send troops to attack Constantinople. Of course, this did not happen. We know that this really happened in the Fourth Crusade.
Finally, after discussion, the Germans agreed to set out across the Bosphorus as soon as possible, because in the back, the French expedition had begun to enter Byzantine territory, and this team was as troublesome as the Byzantine army.
In this way, the westerners once again became the savage enemies hated by Byzantium, and the Greeks once again showed their treachery and meanness. Of course, this sentence is elaborated from the perspective of both sides. For us onlookers, what do you think of this? This scene is directly a replica of the first Crusade, so it must have its internal roots. What exactly is this root? In fact, it has already been analyzed. Then, in the second Crusade, this mutual disgust and hatred was obviously more intense, because we know that since the establishment of the Crusade country, Byzantium has always appeared as its enemy, neither friendly nor even neutral, which will obviously aggravate the bad blood between the two sides. So why did Byzantium hate the Crusaders? The reason is simple, because these countries were established on the ruins of the former Byzantine Empire. Of course, this is the idea of the Greeks. So the idea of Latin people is that their country is built on the ruins of primitive Muslims. What does this have to do with your Byzantium? Your Byzantine territory has been occupied by Muslims for many years, and you yourself are being defeated by Muslims. It's hard to say how long Constantinople can hold on. Let's solve your crisis. Do we still have an obligation to return those territories to you? Paying back money is a great kindness, and not paying back money is a duty. What are you dissatisfied with? Are we going to the East to restore the glory of your Byzantine empire? Our crusade was to attack Muslims and recapture the holy land. What are you, stumbling behind your back if you don't contribute? Aren't you a despicable traitor?
Therefore, the two sides said that this matter will obviously extend to other aspects, so the conflict in Byzantium is almost inevitable. Territorial disputes have always been a bad debt, and each has its own reasons. Then, in the case of westerners and Byzantine Empire, who will you unconsciously sympathize with more? This is an interesting question. Personally, I don't want to express my personal feelings too much here, because it's too early to make such bad debts easily on the territorial issue, but I think if you are deciding your position, you might as well think more about it and think about this question:
The fundamental purpose of the Crusade is to solve the crisis in the Christian world in Europe. Byzantium and westerners have the same responsibility. This is not the task of westerners themselves. But we can see that in the Crusades so far, Byzantium was basically a policy of submission to the sun and cheerleaders, and there was often no Yang Feng. Byzantines' views on the Crusades are clear at a glance. If you look at the biography of Princess Anna, you should say that this fax is not a worthless nonsense. Then, after experiencing it personally, Westerners unanimously criticized Byzantium. This is not unreasonable. The emperor did a very disgraceful thing to Antioch, and afterwards, he never forgot Antioch. We can see some, but not all, from the previous narrative about Antioch, because it is not a historical theme, at least it has nothing to do with our current narrative theme. So there is not much discussion, because the primary enemy of Antioch is Muslims, so it is not worth spending too much ink on Byzantine backstabbing.
Don't forget that the first Crusade was produced at the fervent appeal of the Byzantine emperor. Pope Urban's speech made this clear. So to put it simply, after Aleksis got the things out, he immediately hid behind and dressed up as a cheerleader, and there was a black hand, letting silly westerners charge and sweep the array in front, bleeding and sweating, and he followed suit to find a bargain, even at first.
Obviously, westerners are not fools, and such fools will not be found in the southeast and northwest, so Anna began to gnash her teeth. This is natural and a normal reaction of human nature. These westerners refused to listen to their father. Isn't this irritating? Are you bothering us on purpose? Are you here to overthrow our Byzantine empire? Huh? You see, this is a natural emotional reaction and expression, especially for the princess, which is more natural. Of course, the pen is in her own hand, and she can write whatever she wants. Do you still need to worry about the objectivity and moral responsibility of historical records? Will she? Besides, people are writing biographies for their fathers, and they care about your bullshit moral justice in the West. Is it necessary?
It's not necessary. Just write it like this.
On the other hand, the Byzantine emperor, what's the reason? Is there a legitimate reason to be angry? Do you play politics to deal with the legitimacy and fairness of westerners? Yes, first of all, who has been under the great pressure of Muslim military expansion and unification of Europe for so many years? I am Byzantine. What are you westerners doing? Didn't you watch it there? You are still at odds with us. Isn't this an authentic stab in the back? So what's the big deal if we stab you in the back a few times? We are even. Why do you think you are marching all the way east, while we are cheering? Are you still reasonable? At least we have carried Muslims for so many years, and now it's your turn to carry them for a few years. What's the matter? Let me do all the hard work in Byzantium?
So when it comes to quarreling, Byzantium is just as loud. And you have to consider that the place in Italy was really bought by Bertrand and his father, and it was really bought directly from Byzantium. In addition, Bertrand was the leader of the Crusaders, and he soon became the Lord of Antioch. Can the Byzantine emperor not be angry?
So both sides are angry, and when they are angry, they will rub, so this kind of friction is not pleasing to the eye. Can you not rub it?
Fortunately, friction is friction. Nothing happened in Constantinople, not yet. Conrad left with his troops soon. Emperor Manuel sent the leader of his Varangi Guard as the guide of the Crusaders, just like Alexius did in the first Crusade.
When the army entered Nicea, King Conrad divided his army into two parts. Some of them were mainly composed of non-combatants, and were ordered to continue marching along the coastline and travel as far as possible within the Byzantine Empire. The other is composed of soldiers, led by Conrad himself, and directly enters Muslim territory. This combat unit officially set off at 5438+00 on June, and a few days later, it broke into Turkey.
It may need to be repeated here: Crusaders are not purely military forces, and the name Crusaders contains the word "military", which is a traditional translation method. Of course, in the history of our ancestors, fighting was nothing more than a political purpose. All the troops went out, not combatants or logistics personnel, and there would be no civilians with non-combat purposes. Sometimes there are wives, concubines and song and dance troupes, but they are not civilians with non-military goals. Liu Bei did take many civilians with him when he escaped. It is said that these civilians are still voluntary. Since they didn't volunteer, we won't go into details. Nothing interesting. What is interesting is what happened to these civilians later. What I haven't mentioned in the history books is how Liu Bei escaped later, how Kongming's political genius made an alliance with Wu Dong before the miracle of Chibi, and so on. The fate of the right person is rarely mentioned.
When people talk about the unity of the emperor's thoughts, they generally like to attribute it to the first emperor. I don't think so. Otherwise, when countries were on and off, Lian Heng was United, and their tongues traveled all over the country, taking political interests as bait, turning hands to cover their hands for the rain, and encouraging political changes in various countries. It's really not a powerful annotation to the so-called thought bloom. Although the contention of a hundred schools of thought was wonderful, it seemed to be just a flash in the pan. The opportunity to think in the short pause of political struggle is fleeting. Unfortunately, I didn't realize the treasure of Confucianism at that time. The reason is that emperors who are just ahead of the times are too advanced. Kong's tragedy is like that of the famous painter. I was poor before my death, and my work shines after my death ... It's a pity.
Unfortunately, according to the name "Kong Laoer" in the Cultural Revolution.
But when Liu Bei fled, the crusade was an expedition, which was very different. Third, the word "army" is inappropriate and easy to cause ambiguity. In fact, the Crusaders at that time included a large number of civilian pilgrims, women and children, as well as the families of soldiers, including the families of lords, that is, the families of military leaders. This is mentioned slightly in the account of the first crusade.
Therefore, the Crusaders are not strictly militarized teams. They carry a large number of civilians and have no military purpose. This is because the first priority of the Crusaders is not military action, but faith action.
Therefore, don't take the word "army" in Chinese translation for granted and interpret it as a strictly militarized army.
In fact, this problem has been clearly stated in the previous narrative, so I will say it again here, because this related incident of dividing troops has been encountered here. Let me repeat it, hoping to help you understand what happened at that time, instead of making it up.
It was because there were a large number of pilgrims in the procession that King Conrad engaged in this division of troops. As for whether this method of marching separately is reasonable and wise, it depends on your own evaluation. My opinion is simple. On the one hand, this can ensure the combat effectiveness of combat troops, on the other hand, it may leave civilians unprotected, or at least unprotected. Of course, non-combatants were also assigned the necessary military protection personnel at that time. Moreover, as can be seen from the later history, these military protection personnel are still very conscientious. Obviously, the number of these protection personnel assigned by King Conrad is definitely not just a face, but has indeed played a practical role.
My understanding is that King Conrad's plan is comprehensive, and he has made full consideration and plans for these pilgrims. He even considered at least the basic strategy of attracting the attention of Muslim military forces through combat troops to make non-combat troops safer. He just didn't expect what would happen to the main elite of the combat division.