1, with different concepts. Fund is a kind of collective securities investment with * * * risk * *, that is, by issuing fund shares, investors' funds are concentrated, managed by fund custodians, managed and used by fund managers, and invested in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds;

Stock is a certificate issued by a joint-stock company to prove the shares held by shareholders, and it is the form of company shares. Investors become the owners of the issuing company by buying shares, get operating income according to their shareholding shares and participate in major decision-making voting.

2. The status of investors is different. Shareholders are shareholders of the company and have the right to express their opinions on major decisions of the company. The fund share holder is the beneficiary of the fund, which reflects the trust relationship. This is the most critical point in analyzing the difference between stocks and funds.

3. The degree of risk is different. Generally speaking, the risk of stocks is greater than that of funds. For small and medium-sized investors, due to the limitation of the total amount of disposable assets, they can only directly invest in a few stocks, which violates the investment taboo of "putting all the eggs in one basket". When the stock it invests in falls due to the stock market or the financial situation of the enterprise deteriorates,

Capital may be wiped out; The basic principle of the fund is portfolio investment, risk diversification, and investment in securities with different maturities and types in different proportions to minimize risks.

4. Different investment methods. This can be said to be a special point that distinguishes stocks from funds. Different from stock investors, securities investment fund is an indirect way of securities investment.

Fund investors no longer directly participate in securities trading and bear investment risks, but experts are specifically responsible for the determination of investment direction and the selection of investment objects.

5. Different price positioning. In the case of consistent macro-political and economic environment, the price of the fund is mainly determined by the net asset value; The stock price is greatly influenced by the relationship between supply and demand.

6. Different ways of investment recovery. Stock investment is uncertain. Unless the company goes bankrupt and liquidates, investors shall not recover their investment from the company. If they want to take it back, they can only realize it at the market price in the stock exchange market.

Investment funds vary according to the form of funds held: closed-end funds have a certain term, after which investors can share the corresponding remaining assets according to their shares.

It can also be realized in the closed-end trading market; Open-end funds generally have no term, but investors can ask the fund manager for redemption at any time.

Extended data:

According to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:

1, which can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds according to whether the fund units can be increased or redeemed. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed;

Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.

2. According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds.

A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.

3. According to the difference of investment risk and income, it can be divided into growth fund, income fund and balanced fund.

4, according to the different investment objects, can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds, futures funds, etc.

Stock is a certificate of ownership issued by a joint-stock company. It is a kind of valuable securities issued by a joint-stock company to all shareholders in order to raise funds. As a certificate of holding shares, it can obtain dividends and bonuses.

common stock

Common stock refers to the shares that enjoy common rights in the company's operation and management, profit and property distribution, and represents the right to claim the profits and remaining property of the enterprise after meeting the requirements of full repayment of creditor's rights and the income and creditor's rights of priority shareholders. Common stock constitutes the foundation of a company's capital and is a basic form of stock. At present, the stocks traded in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are all common stocks.

Ordinary shareholders enjoy the following basic rights in proportion to their shares:

1, the company's decision-making participation right. Ordinary shareholders have the right to attend shareholders' meetings, to propose, vote and vote, or to entrust others to exercise shareholders' rights on their behalf.

2. Profit distribution right. Ordinary shareholders have the right to receive dividends from the company's profit distribution. The dividend of common stock is not fixed, which is determined by the profitability of the company and its distribution policy. Ordinary shareholders must receive fixed dividends from preferred shareholders in order to enjoy dividend distribution rights.

3. Preemptive right. If the company needs to expand and issue more common shares, the existing common shareholders have the right to buy a certain number of newly issued shares at a certain price lower than the market price according to their shareholding ratio, so as to maintain their original enterprise ownership ratio.

4. Distribution right of remaining assets. When the company goes bankrupt or liquidates, if there is any surplus company assets after paying off debts, the rest will be distributed in the order of preferred shareholders first and common shareholders later.

preferred stock

Preferred stock relative to common stock. Preferred stock has priority over common stock in profit sharing and distribution of surplus property.

1, priority distribution right. When the company distributes profits, shareholders holding preferred shares have priority over shareholders holding common shares, but enjoy a fixed amount of dividends, that is, the dividends of preferred shares are relatively fixed.

2. Priority requirements. If the company is liquidated, the remaining property is distributed, and the preferred stock is distributed before the common stock. Note: When the company decides not to distribute dividends for several consecutive years, the preferred shareholders can enter the shareholders' meeting to express their opinions and safeguard their rights.

Reserved stock

After the rights issue, it refers to the shares that are at a disadvantage compared with ordinary shares when distributing interest or interest dividends and remaining property. After the general common stock is distributed, the residual interest is redistributed. If the company's profits are huge and the number of shares issued after the rights issue is limited, the shareholders who buy the rights issue can get high returns. After the rights issue, the raised funds generally can't generate immediate income, the range of investors is limited and the utilization rate is not high. After the rights issue, it is usually issued under the following circumstances:

1. When the company issues new shares in order to raise funds for equipment expansion, in order not to reduce the dividends of the old shares, the new shares will be issued as a rights issue before the new equipment is officially put into use;

2. When the enterprise is merged, in order to adjust the merger ratio, a part of the shares should be paid to the shareholders of the merged enterprise, and then a rights issue should be made;

3. In companies invested by the government, the shares held by the government are regarded as post-distribution before the dividends of the privately held shares reach a certain level.

Junk bonds/stocks

Losses or illegal operation of the company's stock.

blue chip stock

The company operates well, with good performance, earnings per share above 0.8 yuan, and price-earnings ratio between 10- 15 times.

blue chip stock

In the stock market, the shares of large companies that occupy an important leading position in their industries, have excellent performance, are active in trading and have rich dividends are called blue chips.

References:

Fund _ Baidu Encyclopedia? Stock (ownership certificate issued by joint-stock company) _ Baidu Encyclopedia