1. Strengthen macro-control and establish oil safety early warning and price control mechanism. Since 1998 and July 2000, the state has liberalized the unified pricing of domestic crude oil and refined oil respectively, and implemented the integration of domestic oil prices with international oil prices. Due to the rigid transmission of oil prices, driven by interest mechanism and speculative factors, the strange phenomenon of "more imports at high prices and less imports at low prices" has appeared in domestic oil imports. At the same time, the domestic refined oil market fluctuates greatly with the frequent changes of international oil prices, which also affects the normal operation of domestic oil production, processing and circulation enterprises to a certain extent and inevitably affects the stable growth of China's economy. Therefore, in order to avoid the risk of oil import, the government must closely track and analyze the trend of the international oil market, and establish an emergency response and early warning mechanism for oil safety through means such as price, tax and reserve. Establish a control mechanism that can effectively stabilize the market price of refined oil. According to the market analysis of refined oil prices in various countries, although crude oil prices are in line with international standards, there are still great differences in retail prices of refined oil markets in various countries due to different tax burdens. The tax burden of most developed countries accounts for 60-70% of the retail price of gasoline and 50-60% of diesel. In China, the tax burden of gasoline is 23%, and that of diesel is 18%[4]. Even if the tax system is reformed and the fuel tax is raised, the tax burden can only be raised to 45% and 4 1%. Comparatively speaking, China's tax burden accounts for a relatively small proportion in the retail price of refined oil. Therefore, drawing lessons from the beneficial practices of foreign refined oil pricing, the government can increase a tax with adjustable tax rate in the retail sector within the scope of social affordability. When the international oil price is low, it is taxed at a high tax rate; When the international oil price is high, the tax is levied at a low tax rate to reduce the impact of the drastic changes in international oil prices on the domestic market. At the same time, improve the oil import trade system, systematically design various import and export policies, vigorously develop oil futures trade, and ensure the effective regulation and control of oil trade by the state.

2. Implement diversified import strategy and build a new pattern of diversified oil import. China and the United States are both big oil consumers and importers in the world. In recent years, for the sake of domestic oil security, in order to ensure a stable oil supply and spread the risk of oil import, the United States has actively expanded overseas markets and implemented a diversified import strategy. In 2003, the proportion of oil imported by the United States from the Middle East dropped from 23% of 200 1 to 20.3%, while the average oil imported from non-OPEC countries reached 7.079 million barrels per day, accounting for 57.8% of the total oil imports of the United States, and the oil imported from neighboring countries such as Canada, Venezuela and Mexico also accounted for 45.9% of the total oil imports. At present, the United States imports oil from more than 30 countries around the world, and a diversified oil import pattern has taken shape. Relatively speaking, the pattern of diversification of China's oil imports has not yet formed. The current situation of relying mainly on the Middle East and over-reliance on the transportation of Malacca Strait not only leads to the so-called "Middle East crude oil premium", but also brings great risks to China's oil imports. Therefore, from a long-term and strategic point of view, although the Middle East, as an oil-rich region in the world, is an important market for China's oil imports, we must implement a diversified oil import strategy, strive to open up new oil supply places and reduce excessive dependence on Middle East oil. It mainly includes: promoting the diversification of oil import sources and countries. Actively develop strategic oil partnerships with Central Asia, Russia and Africa, and increase oil imports from neighboring countries; Actively promote the diversification of trade methods. Change the current situation that oil imports rely too much on spot procurement, and gradually realize the transformation from spot procurement to long-term trade mode; Strive to realize the diversification of transportation modes. Central Asia is the third largest oil storage area in the world after the Middle East and Abel, and the Caspian Sea is predicted as the "second Persian Gulf". Russia has unique oil and gas resources, accounting for 4.7% of the world's oil reserves. In recent years, with the recovery of Russian economy, the oil export prospect of the former Soviet Union has been favored by experts and governments all over the world. Because China has good cooperative relations with the above countries, and this region is the only oil supply source that China can ensure without ocean transportation at present, Central Asia and Russia should be very important partners and oil supply bases of China in terms of resource potential and geographical relationship. It is necessary to actively promote the construction of Russia's anniversary crude oil pipeline, China-Russia-Korea natural gas pipeline and Kazakhstan-Xinjiang crude oil pipeline, form a diversified oil transportation network, and finally realize the diversification of oil supply.

3. Actively participate in the development and utilization of global oil resources and establish a stable foreign oil supply base. . China's per capita oil resources are only 1/6 of the world average. With the sustained and rapid economic growth and increasing attention to environmental protection in China, the shortage and insufficiency of domestic oil resources will be a fact that must be faced for a long time. Therefore, in addition to importing oil directly from abroad, we must learn from the experience of the United States, implement transnational business strategies, encourage and support domestic oil enterprises to participate in foreign oil exploration and development, make full use of foreign oil resources, and establish long-term and stable overseas oil supply channels.

Overseas oil and gas resource-rich areas mainly include North America, northern South America, Siberia, Caspian Sea, Middle East, Southeast Asia, North Sea and Africa. With the support of diplomatic, military, foreign trade and financial policies, state-owned oil companies, especially the three major oil and petrochemical companies, should be encouraged to learn from the overseas oil exploration experience of major foreign oil companies and adopt various ways to implement the overseas resource exploration and development strategy, focusing on expanding and consolidating oil and gas exploration and development business with Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, Venezuela, Indonesia and other countries. Strive to form a number of overseas oil production bases with a certain scale in 10-20 years, and obtain 30 million tons of oil and more than 30 billion cubic meters of natural gas by 20 10 years; Strive to reach 50 million tons of oil by 2020.

4, the implementation of energy conservation and energy structure adjustment strategy, vigorously improve energy efficiency. At present, China's energy utilization rate is only 32% of the world average. At the same time, due to the high proportion of primary production and secondary production in China, a large number of finished products are exported, and the oil consumption intensity in China has been high. The low efficiency of energy utilization is an important factor that aggravates the contradiction between oil supply and demand in China.

Energy conservation has always been the strategic focus of American energy policy. As a major oil consumer and importer in the world, China must vigorously promote the implementation of energy-saving strategy, so as to resolve the risk of oil import and ensure oil safety. Starting from the reality of China, firstly, we should speed up energy-saving legislation, promulgate national energy-saving laws as soon as possible, such as the energy policy and energy law of the United States (EPCA) and the energy law of the United Kingdom, and at the same time establish and improve effective incentive mechanisms in taxation, price and investment. , encourage oil conservation, refuse and prevent inefficient oil use; The second is to adjust the industrial structure, compress the industries with high fuel consumption, eliminate the equipment with high fuel consumption, popularize and apply new technologies and new processes, and develop fuel-saving products, with emphasis on the fields of industry, transportation and construction. Third, it is necessary to reduce the waste of oil in the process of oil exploitation and processing, improve the comprehensive recovery rate of oil and gas, reduce the consumption of inefficient crude oil in oil fields, expand the scale of petrochemical enterprises and improve the utilization rate of crude oil; The fourth is to adjust the energy structure. The direction of energy structure adjustment is to increase the proportion of natural gas consumption. Relying on scientific and technological progress, vigorously develop the natural gas industry, promote the process of coal gasification and coal liquefaction, and actively develop and utilize fuel cells; Encourage the application of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, and reduce dependence on oil.

5. Establish a national strategic oil reserve to ensure the safety of domestic oil supply. Strategic oil reserve is an important means to prevent the interruption of oil supply and ensure the national oil security. However, judging from the current actual situation, China's strategic oil reserves are still in a blank state. China has become the only oil consumer in the world that has not established a strategic oil reserve. From the international experience, China's strategic oil reserves should include two types, one is government reserves, and the other is enterprise reserves. Government reserves should be mainly crude oil, mainly storing imported crude oil. Enterprises should reserve varieties according to the principle of combining production with management. The state only stipulates the reserve, not the variety. As far as the oil reserve target is concerned, the scale of China's oil reserve should be set at 35-day consumption in 2005 and 50-day consumption in 20 10, with the reserve scale of 2,500 tons and 4,500 tons respectively.

While speeding up the construction of the national strategic oil reserve base and other hardware, we should also formulate laws and regulations such as the Oil Reserve Law of Japan and Germany, establish a relatively complete national strategic oil reserve system as soon as possible, and play a role in ensuring the safety of domestic oil supply, stabilizing oil prices and ensuring national economic and social security when necessary.