Buy stocks, commodities and currencies as investment or speculation. Speculation refers to the buying and selling behavior of taking advantage of the price difference in the market to obtain profits according to the judgment of the market. Speculation can be divided into two areas: real economy speculation and virtual economy speculation, among which securities speculation has the richest connotation and the most complicated principle. There are three main analysis methods: technical analysis, evolution analysis and basic analysis. Technical analysis and evolution analysis are mainly used to judge the time and space of speculative operation, while basic analysis is mainly used to select speculative objects as a useful supplement to market analysis. ? Short selling is also called "long", and short selling is symmetrical. Investors predict that the stock price will rise, but their own funds are limited, so they can't buy a lot of stocks, so they pay part of the deposit first, raise money from the bank through brokers to buy stocks, and then sell them when the stock price rises to a certain price, so as to obtain the difference income. In short selling, if an investor thinks that the price of a certain security will rise and wants to buy more securities, but he is short of funds, he can borrow money from the securities company by paying a deposit to buy the securities, and then sell it when the price rises to a certain extent to obtain the difference. Because investors buy securities with borrowers' funds and put them in the hands of brokers as collateral, investors do not have enough funds and do not hold securities, so it is called short selling. In the modern securities market, short selling transactions are generally carried out by using margin accounts. When a trader thinks that the stock price is rising, he borrows money from a securities company and buys stock futures by paying part of the deposit. Traders who buy stocks can't take them away and will deposit them in securities companies as collateral for payment. If the stock price really rises in the future, when it reaches a certain level, he will sell the stock to the market at a high price and return part of the proceeds to the securities company for loans, thus ending his short position. Traders profit by buying and selling the difference between two transactions. Of course, if the trend of the market share price is contrary to the trader's prediction, then the short seller will not only be unprofitable, but also suffer losses. Buying short trading funds is mainly borrowing funds. Generally, investors use their own funds when trading securities, while when traders are short, most of the funds for buying stocks are advanced by securities companies, that is, they mainly rely on borrowed funds for trading. The whole process of short selling consists of two transactions: buying first and then selling stocks.