It is an indirect way of securities investment. By issuing fund shares, fund management companies concentrate investors' funds, which are managed by fund custodians (that is, qualified banks) and managed and used by fund managers to invest in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds, and then * * * bear the investment risks and share the benefits. According to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:
According to whether fund units can be increased or redeemed, they can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not listed and traded, but are generally purchased and redeemed by banks, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration, and the fund size is fixed during the duration. Generally listed on the stock exchange, investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. At present, China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
According to different investors, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and futures funds.
Stocks are issued directly by listed companies, and investors can buy and sell directly in the securities business department. Because we ordinary investors lack professional technology and experience and well-informed news channels, it is difficult to make a correct judgment on the general trend and make profits in the stock market.
Compared with stocks, funds are less risky and less profitable. Stock returns are great, but risks are also great. In short, benefits and risks coexist.
If you want to invest in the fund, you can take your ID card to the local bank. I would like to remind you that buying a fund may not necessarily make money, but investors should also bear market risks and moral risks of fund managers in the investment process. At present, there are more than 50 fund companies in China, and few of them are really good and can get benefits for investors. Whether they can make money for investors or not, these fund companies have to withdraw 4-5% of various fees from your fund every year. There are two points that must be paid attention to when investing: first, choose a fund company with good performance, and also choose a good fund variety in this good fund company (each company has several funds). You can find Morningstar Open-end Fund Performance Ranking on Sina's online financial management page for your reference. Second, we must choose the right time to buy. When the stock market was depressed and investors were desperate and pessimistic, the net value of the funds at that time was low, and some even fell below the face value. This is a good time to buy. We should also choose a good selling opportunity and sell decisively when the market sentiment is high and the stock index hits record highs. Don't be greedy, only in this way can you make money.
Although it is said that it is expert financial management and long-term investment, if you choose the wrong fund company and variety and the timing of trading, you will still lose money.
If you can't take risks, you can buy a risk-free money fund first, and the yield is roughly equivalent to a one-year time deposit after tax. After you fully understand the fund, you can convert it into a stock fund or a configuration fund at an appropriate time.
Funds can be bought and sold online. Please consult the financial managers of banks and brokers for details.
The fixed investment of the fund is similar to long-term savings, which can spread the investment cost evenly and reduce the overall risk. It has the function of automatically increasing the price and reducing the price on dips. No matter how the market price changes, it can always get a relatively low average cost. Therefore, regular fixed investment can smooth the peaks and valleys of the fund's net value and eliminate market fluctuations. As long as the selected funds grow as a whole, investors will get relatively average returns without worrying about the timing of entering the market.
Funds are the best choice to pursue long-term benefits. If it is a fixed investment, it can also smooth out the loss of income caused by short-term fluctuations. Since it is the pursuit of long-term returns, you can choose the variety with the highest target returns, index funds. Index funds have optimized their targets. Blue-chip stocks and high-quality stocks in the industry, as representatives of models, have avoided the risks of individual stocks because there are a certain number of models. And avoid the impact of the economic cycle on individual industries. Because it is a long-term fixed investment, it takes time to digest the inevitable high-risk characteristics of high-yield varieties.
It is recommended to choose the products of high-quality fund companies. For example, Huaxia, Yifangda and South China. It is suggested to choose the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 and the small-cap index. You can open a fund account through a securities company and let a professional investment manager serve you. Some index funds are free of charge through securities companies, which will further reduce your investment cost.
There is not much money, so there is no need to disperse the fixed investment. Use time to compound interest to make money for you and concentrate on one or two funds. The fund must choose the back-end charging mode for fixed investment, and can choose the dividend method for reinvestment.