Without logistics, the development of e-commerce will be limited.
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Electronic commerce logistics
Abstract: Since 1998, there has been an upsurge of e-commerce in China. Many domestic companies have registered e-commerce companies, and the normal economy has been disrupted. It was not until the e-commerce boom passed last year that people really turned their attention to logistics. It should be said that logistics is promising in China. According to incomplete statistics, from 1992 to 1998, the development of China's logistics saved the country about 800 billion yuan in working capital, and the logistics cost in China now accounts for 20% of GDP, while that in developed countries is only about 10%. The times call for the emergence of electronic logistics.
Keywords: e-commerce, logistics, information flow, business flow, capital flow, e-logistics, third-party logistics and fourth-party logistics
First, the emergence of logistics in e-commerce
The invention of the Internet is the greatest social and scientific achievement in the past 30 years. It is changing people's lives and will lead the changes and leaps in the business field. Internet-based e-commerce can be said to be a new bright spot in the 2 1 century economy, but at present, this bright spot has not shone out, perhaps it is just a target model of economic development. Undoubtedly, e-commerce is a new business tool in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, which will incite traditional industries and emerging industries, and promote the evolution and development of traditional industries. In this process, modern logistics and express delivery will become the fulcrum of this lever.
Second, the relationship between e-commerce and logistics and the importance of logistics
The relationship between e-commerce and professional logistics is just like the relationship between enterprises and banks. However, compared with traditional companies, e-commerce companies have the characteristics of easier establishment and lower operating costs, and the competition will be more intense. It is estimated that they will develop into a company that pays equal attention to e-commerce and logistics. As now, there are both cooperation and competition between companies. The scale of monopoly enterprises will further expand, and its monopoly is not only in a certain industry, but also in a certain region, that is, it will produce business monopoly.
Its importance comes from the following aspects:
(A) logistics-to ensure the realization of e-commerce
1, logistics ensures production
Whether under the traditional trade mode or e-commerce, production is the basis of commodity circulation, and the smooth progress of production needs the support of various logistics activities. The whole process of production begins with the purchase of raw materials, so the corresponding supply logistics activities are needed to put the purchased materials in place, otherwise the production will be difficult; In the production process, the logistics process of raw materials and semi-finished products, the so-called production logistics, is also needed to realize the liquidity of production; The recovery of some surplus materials and reusable materials requires so-called recovery logistics; Waste disposal requires waste logistics. It can be seen that the whole production process is actually a series of logistics activities. Rationalized and modern logistics can reduce costs, optimize inventory structure, reduce capital pressure and shorten production cycle, thus ensuring the efficient implementation of modern production. On the contrary, without modern logistics, production will be difficult to proceed smoothly, and no matter how convenient e-commerce is, it is still impossible to cook without rice.
2. Logistics serves business flow.
In business flow activities, the ownership of goods is transferred from the supplier to the buyer from the moment the purchase and sale contract is signed, but the commodity entity has not moved because of this. In the traditional trading process, except for futures trading without physical delivery, the general business process must be accompanied by corresponding logistics activities, that is, commodity entities are transferred from suppliers (sellers) to buyers (buyers) in an appropriate way and way according to the needs of buyers (buyers). In e-commerce, consumers complete the delivery process of commodity ownership by clicking on shopping online, that is, the business flow process. However, the activities of e-commerce are not over, and commercial activities will come to an end only when goods and services are really transferred to consumers.
In the whole transaction process of e-commerce, logistics actually appears as a follower and server of business flow.
Without modern logistics, the easiest business flow activities will still be a dead letter.
(B) Logistics is an important part of the concept of e-commerce.
Since 1998, e-commerce has become a hot topic, especially for those enterprises that have a little advantage over e-commerce. And why did e-commerce slowly start to cool down from last year? The most important thing is a bottleneck problem of logistics distribution.
From the analysis of domestic e-commerce operation, China's e-commerce industry is not optimistic. The so-called e-commerce can only be said to be regional e-commerce. For example, I am in Ningbo now. If I use e-commerce to buy goods, if I buy local things, I may indeed realize e-commerce, and the effects and advantages may be reflected immediately. But imagine, if I buy Xinjiang goods, and not a lot, just a small toy, can it be realized? If it can be realized, is it a real benefit? Are there any advantages? This is a logistics bottleneck problem.
Since the e-commerce cooled down, the logistics fever began. As a young industry, logistics has great development potential. National leaders have repeatedly stressed that developing the logistics industry is a new growth point of China's economy, and reducing the logistics cost is also the third profit source of enterprises, and regard the development of the logistics industry as an aspect of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. In such a soft environment supported by the government, there will be more room for the development of logistics.
The development of logistics is a brand-new challenge to China, no matter from the proportion of China's circulation cost to GDP or the amount of circulation funds occupied by circulation cost.
(C) Logistics is the fundamental guarantee to realize the concept of "customer-centric"
From the initial trading to today's e-commerce, the biggest change is that e-commerce is not limited by time and place. E-commerce can turn all the goods into a big shopping mall, and you can buy any kind of goods in the world anytime and anywhere. The emergence of e-commerce has facilitated the ultimate consumers to the greatest extent. They don't have to go to the crowded commercial street to choose the goods they need one by one, but they can complete their shopping process by sitting at home, searching, viewing and selecting online. But imagine, if the goods you buy can't be delivered, or the merchants don't buy them themselves, will consumers still choose online shopping? The insecurity of online shopping has always been an important reason why e-commerce is difficult to promote. Whether it's B TO B or B TO C, I bought the goods as a consumer and a customer. Can the goods be delivered to me safely and quickly? This is my greatest concern, among which the problem of logistics and distribution needs to be solved. Bottom line: the development of e-commerce needs logistics as the foundation, and logistics is the fundamental guarantee to realize the concept of "customer-centric".
(D) E-commerce services in logistics information
E-commerce must be based on informationization. Without informatization, e-commerce will become passive water and rootless wood. The characteristics of logistics informatization are commercialization of logistics information, digitization and coding of logistics information collection, computerization and computerization of logistics information processing, standardization and real-time delivery of logistics information, digitization of logistics information storage, etc. With the development of electronic commerce, it will be widely used in China's logistics industry. Informatization is the foundation of everything. Without logistics informatization, any advanced technology and equipment can not be applied in the field of logistics. The application of information technology and computer technology will completely change the face of logistics industry in China.
Logistics is the ultimate guarantee to realize the concept of "customer-centered" in e-commerce. Without modern logistics technology, the shopping convenience brought by e-commerce is zero, and consumers will inevitably turn to traditional shopping methods that they think are safer. What is the demand for online shopping?
As can be seen from the above discussion, logistics is an important part of e-commerce. We must abandon the original concept of "emphasizing the electronization of information flow, business flow and capital flow while ignoring the electronization of logistics", vigorously develop modern logistics and further promote electronic logistics.
Third, how to develop logistics in e-commerce?
The main reason why the logistics industry can't meet the development of e-commerce at this stage is the shortage of logistics distribution talents. Foreign logistics distribution education and training is very developed, and a reasonable logistics distribution talent education and training system has been formed. In contrast, China's education in logistics and distribution is still relatively backward. Secondly, the institutional environment needed for the development of logistics and distribution needs to be further deepened. Institutional environment mainly refers to financing system, property right transfer system, employment system, market access or exit system, social security system, etc. While improving its own logistics efficiency, enterprises will inevitably involve the redistribution of various logistics resources within enterprises and between enterprises and markets. However, because the above-mentioned system reform has not yet been put in place, the redistribution of logistics resources by enterprises according to the principle of economic rationality will be hindered.
So how does e-commerce develop logistics?
(A) We must improve the whole society's understanding of e-commerce logistics. E-commerce and e-commerce logistics should be promoted together. E-commerce is a revolution in the commercial field, and e-commerce logistics is a revolution in the logistics field. It is necessary to change the past thought of valuing business flow over logistics, promote logistics to the position of competitive strategy and put the development of socialized electronic logistics system on the agenda.
(2) The state and enterprises * * * participate in the establishment of electronic logistics system. To form the electronic logistics system of the whole society, the government and enterprises need to invest together. The government should invest a lot of money in roads, railways, aviation and information networks to ensure the smooth flow of traffic and information, form a traffic network and information network covering the whole society, and provide a good social environment for the development of e-commerce logistics.
(C) Combined with China's actual situation, learn from many aspects. We can learn from the achievements of logistics management research in other countries, learn from the developed countries of e-commerce logistics, encourage the theoretical and practical circles to study the difficult problems in e-commerce logistics, take fewer detours and try to take shortcuts to accelerate the development of e-commerce logistics in China.
(D) Strengthen the training of e-commerce logistics talents. E-commerce logistics talent is a kind of compound senior talent, who knows both e-commerce and logistics; Know both technology and management. On the one hand, e-commerce logistics talents can be introduced; On the other hand, potential talents can be sent to study.
Fourth, the future prospects of logistics in e-commerce
E-commerce will be a great business revolution, which breaks the boundaries between regions and countries and opens up a huge online business market. As the guarantee of e-commerce operation, e-commerce logistics will develop greatly. Developing e-commerce logistics is the need for China enterprises to participate in international competition, and it is also an opportunity to shorten the gap with the logistics industry in developed countries, which has a good prospect.
(A) E-commerce logistics in China has a broad space for development. Although e-commerce in China started late, it has a good development trend. Both countries and enterprises attach great importance to the development of e-commerce and have made great achievements in e-commerce, but the content of e-commerce is almost blank. The great development of e-commerce will inevitably lead to the great development of e-commerce logistics in China. In addition, e-commerce trade has no national boundaries, and the Internet allows both parties to conduct transactions instantly in any scope in the world, but the delivery speed of purchased goods depends on the development of e-commerce logistics. According to the report of forest Research Institute, if the global e-commerce trade volume reaches 3.2 trillion US dollars in 2003. Network operators will face the situation of "logistics chaos". In the next few years, the transaction volume of e-commerce will increase dozens of times, and the logistics volume of e-commerce will also increase at this rate.
(B) to play a large-scale digital customization economy, we must develop e-commerce logistics. With the gradual formation of the buyer's market, the rapid development of electronic information technology and its wide application in the commercial field, the large-scale digital customization economy is developing rapidly. Large-scale digital economy is a brand-new form of industrial organization aimed at meeting customers' needs. It has fundamentally changed the organization and management form of enterprises, the relationship between manufacturers and consumers, the mode of competition among competitors and the mode of division of labor and cooperation among enterprises, and is the mainstream of industrial organization form in 2 1 century. In mass customization economy, the focus of competition among enterprises is speed, and the key for enterprises to gain competitive advantage lies in whether they can shorten the time to provide products and services to customers. Therefore, enterprises must keep their logistics smooth, which requires enterprises to control their logistics through information transmission system and electronic logistics network system. Therefore, e-commerce logistics not only provides distribution services for online transactions, but also is the core content of future enterprise competition strategy.
(C) The development of information technology and logistics technology provides a foundation for e-commerce logistics. China's "Golden Bridge", "Golden Card" and "Golden Gate" provide a good foundation for the development of e-commerce logistics. In recent years, the traffic situation in our country has been greatly improved. The development of expressway network, railway network, maritime network and aviation network ensures the rapid transportation of logistics. In addition, a large number of emerging logistics enterprises, advanced logistics theory and modern logistics technology will promote the development of e-commerce logistics system.
(D) Vigorously develop third-party logistics value-added services. With the continuous refinement of social division of labor and the continuous improvement of specialization, third-party logistics services will make greater breakthroughs in development form, speed and scope with the help of the development of e-commerce. As a strategic concept, supply chain is also a product and a value-added product. Its purpose is not only to reduce costs, but also to provide value-added services beyond users' expectations, such as distribution, distribution and various distribution and processing services that increase added value, as well as other services provided according to customers' needs. E-commerce involves business process reengineering and resource reconfiguration, so many factors such as contract, insurance, documents and language should be considered comprehensively when analyzing the requirements of logistics information system. Specifically, the third-party logistics enterprises under the e-commerce environment should do the following work: comprehensively apply electronic information technology, redesign the third-party logistics process from the customer's needs, pay attention to integrated management, and attach importance to the organizational function of intermodal agents, so as to provide "all-round" enterprises with logistics process reengineering under the e-commerce environment and provide flexible and efficient logistics services for suppliers and consumers. Technological innovation includes: technological innovation in logistics service items, organizational structure, operation mechanism and service standard quality. , highlighting attractive new logistics service projects; The commercialization of technological innovation of logistics system elements can improve the efficiency of service activities through technological innovation and obtain satisfactory returns; The cooperation between technological innovation content and innovation activities has developed personnel quality, organizational structure, logistics process and management level.
Concluding remarks
Although e-commerce in China started late, it is developing well. If we can make good use of the strategy of "tracking and catching up", if we have a set of development policies that are both advanced and in line with China's basic national conditions, if we can quickly start enterprises that are the main force of e-commerce, increase the publicity of online transactions of enterprises, and change traditional business concepts, we can gradually narrow the gap with advanced countries. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate practical measures and powerful countermeasures: to improve people's understanding of e-commerce. E-commerce is an inevitable trend of future business development and a deep-seated change in the business field. In this regard, the whole nation should have a sense of urgency, attract more enterprises to access the Internet, and improve their competitiveness and profitability by accessing the Internet. Give play to the demonstration effect and encourage more industries to participate. First of all, it should be actively promoted in some fields and departments suitable for the development of e-commerce, such as foreign trade, banking, securities, civil aviation, railway ticketing, hotel reservation, publication and distribution, etc. And give strong support to demonstration units in terms of funds and taxes to promote a virtuous circle. Create a development environment and establish a security system. The development of e-commerce needs corresponding laws and regulations, corresponding technical standards and network access standards, corresponding bank financial support system and so on. In my opinion, in order to ensure the standardized operation of e-commerce, these standards must be in line with international common standards. Strengthen personnel training and build an echelon with high quality, reasonable structure and professional support. The government, enterprises and all walks of life should attach importance to cultivating compound senior talents. On the one hand, we should pay attention to the introduction of a group of e-commerce talents, on the other hand, we should prevent the outflow of e-commerce talents. Absorb the experience of other countries and take the road of China's development. Actively participate in international dialogues and discussions, absorb the experience and lessons of other countries in time within the international framework of e-commerce and accelerate the development of e-commerce in China.
refer to
Zhang Duo, development status and trend of e-commerce logistics, e-commerce logistics, 2004.438+0438+0.27.
Research on the Status of E-commerce in Jun Chen and China —— Electronic Logistics Analysis, February 2005.16.