>>> 2021 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Announcement Summary

>>> 2021 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment Examination Announcement and Publicity Summary (continuously updated)

1. Examination Sentiment Analysis

This part of the knowledge points are the knowledge points of Skinner’s operant conditioning theory in the general learning theory in educational psychology. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and punishment in Skinner’s reinforcement theory The knowledge points in the fading part are tested more frequently and everyone has a better grasp of them; however, the content of Skinner’s other reinforcement classifications such as first-level and second-level reinforcement, time-varying time, and fixed-ratio variable-ratio reinforcement is relatively lacking. Some knowledge points belong to the difficult improvement part in the examination process, and often appear in the form of objective questions such as single-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, etc. To help you clear away knowledge blind spots, I will lead you to learn the key points of this part and Corresponding questions are presented to break through one by one.

2. Theoretical knowledge

(1) According to the source of reinforcers, it can be divided into primary reinforcement and secondary reinforcement

Primary reinforcement: satisfies people and The basic physiological needs of animals, such as food, water, safety, warmth, sex, etc.;

Secondary reinforcement: If any neutral stimulus is repeatedly combined with primary reinforcement, it can acquire its own reinforcing properties . For example, money is not a reinforcer for babies, but when children know that money can be exchanged for sugar, it can have an effect on children's behavior. Another example is scores, which only have reinforcing properties after receiving the teacher's attention.

Secondary reinforcement can be divided into social reinforcement (social status, smile), token reinforcement (money, scores, prizes, etc.) and activity reinforcement (free play, listening to music, traveling, etc.).

(2) Reinforcement program: refers to the timing and frequency of reinforcement of the response. Reinforcement programs can be divided into continuous reinforcement programs and interval reinforcement programs. The interval reinforcement program combines four reinforcement programs based on two dimensions: time and ratio, fixed and variable.

Each different program produces a corresponding response pattern. Sequentially programmed reinforcement is most effective when teaching new responses.

Due to a time difference in timed reinforcement, a lower response rate follows the reinforcement, but the response rate increases at the end of the time interval. A scalloping effect occurs. This is evidenced by students cramming before final exams.

Time-varying reinforcement responses are established slowly and stably, and the response will not pause after reinforcement; after reinforcement is terminated, the response will last longer, and the response will decrease slowly

Fixed-ratio reinforcement A stable response rate is more beneficial, established quickly, and the response will be suspended after reinforcement; the response is highly sustainable after reinforcement is terminated, and when there is no reinforcer after the expected number of responses, the response decreases rapidly.

Variable ratio reinforcement is most effective in maintaining stable and high response rates. The response builds up very quickly and almost never pauses after reinforcement. After the reinforcement is terminated, the response has the longest persistence and remains at a high level and will not disappear.

3. Question practice

1. Single-choice questions A certain class has five days a week, and the second class every morning is English class. At the beginning of each English class, the teacher would dictate to the whole class the words learned in the previous class. Over time, the students developed the habit of reviewing after class. In this case, the English teacher’s reinforcement method belongs to ().

A. Timed reinforcement B. Fixed ratio reinforcement C. Time-varying reinforcement D. Continuous reinforcement

1. Answer A. Analysis: Reinforcement program, also called reinforcement program, refers to the timing and frequency of reinforcement of a response. Reinforcement programs can be divided into continuous reinforcement programs and interval reinforcement programs. Among them, the interval reinforcement program combines four reinforcement programs based on the two dimensions of time and frequency, fixed and variable, namely timed reinforcement, fixed ratio reinforcement, variable time reinforcement, and variable ratio reinforcement. Timed reinforcement refers to giving reinforcement after a fixed period of time, for example, paying wages on time. It can be seen that the second period of every day is English class, and words are dictated before the beginning of each English class. This is a fixed period and is a timed reinforcement. Item A is correct. Item B: Fixed ratio reinforcement refers to reinforcement given after a fixed number of responses. For example, after a child answers 10 questions correctly, his mother will take him to an amusement park. If it does not match the question, it will be excluded. Item C: Time-varying reinforcement means that the time interval between two reinforcements is not fixed. For example, in-class quizzes. If it does not match the question, it will be excluded. Item D: Continuous reinforcement program refers to a reinforcement program that reinforces each correct response. For example, ?always?every time?. If it does not match the question, it will be excluded. Therefore the correct answer is A.

2. Single-choice questions In order to increase students’ enthusiasm for learning, Teacher Li stipulated that students who do all their homework correctly can exchange for a small red flower. After collecting five small red flowers, they can submit to the school Teachers exchange small gifts. This kind of strengthening belongs to ().

A. Variable time reinforcement B. Variable ratio reinforcement C. Timed reinforcement D. Fixed ratio reinforcement

2. Answer D. Analysis: This question tests the strengthening program. Reinforcement procedures refer to the timing and frequency with which responses are reinforced.

Reinforcement programs can be divided into continuous reinforcement programs and interval reinforcement programs. Among them, fixed-ratio reinforcement refers to the reinforcement given at certain intervals. For example, give praise after every three answers to a question. Ratio reinforcement is more beneficial for stable response rates. Fixed-ratio reinforcement is established quickly, and the response will be suspended after reinforcement; the response is very persistent after reinforcement is terminated. When the expected number of responses is reached and there is no more reinforcer, the response decreases rapidly. In the question stem, students who do all their homework correctly can exchange for a small red flower. After collecting five small red flowers, they can exchange for a small gift from the teacher. This kind of reinforcement is a fixed ratio reinforcement. All three items of ABC are inconsistent with the question stem, so choose option D for this question.

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