1972- 1973 When a strong El Ni? o occurred, the surface water temperature in the sea area near the equator in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean and the west coast of South America was 4℃ higher than the normal value, which caused a large number of Peruvian fish to die or move southward, resulting in a large number of eel-eating birds to die. All kinds of biological bodies float on the sea, rotting and stinking, and the sea is dark.
2. Joint economic losses. 1973 During the El Ni? o, a large number of anchovies in Peru died or moved southward, resulting in a large number of birds feeding on eels. This year, Peru's fishing catch dropped sharply from 6.5438+0.03 million tons to 6.5438+0.8 million tons.
3. Loss of life and property. The El Ni? o events from 1982 to 1983 caused floods in northern Peru and Ecuador, killing 600 people and losing 650 million dollars. At the same time, it caused severe drought in Indonesia and Australia, killing 400 people and losing $3 billion; From 1997 to 1998, El Ni? o caused hundreds of millions of dollars in economic losses around the world.
Reasons for the formation of fishery in Peru;
The coast of Peru is located in the southeast trade wind zone, and the southeast trade wind blows from the South American continent to the Pacific Ocean, which makes the coastal surface seawater rise and replenish the offshore and bottom seawater, forming a rising compensation current. Compensation current carries nutrients from the seabed to the surface, and the surface seawater flows northward under the action of wind.
The seawater flowing away from the original sea area was supplemented by the deep seawater, and turned up, bringing rich nutrients to the seabed, and plankton multiplied in large numbers, providing sufficient bait for fish and shrimp, forming a large fishing ground. Therefore, the rising compensation manifold prevailing along the coast of Peru has become one of the four major fishing grounds in the world.
A few years later, the warm currents in the south and north equator countercurrent, which made the coastal temperature in Peru higher, the offshore wind weaker, the flood on the cold seawater less, the seawater temperature higher than normal, and a large number of fish died because they could not adapt to the higher water temperature. What happened at this time was the El Nino phenomenon.
There is also a large fishing ground in the world-Southeast Atlantic Fishing Ground near the Benguela Cold Current. The words "Southeast Atlantic Fishing Ground" can be clearly seen on the map of Lesson 3, Unit 4, Volume 1, a compulsory course for senior high school geography.
The fishing grounds in the Southeast Atlantic are similar to those in Peru, and they are all formed under the action of offshore winds.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Peru Fishing Ground