Temujin's profile:
An outstanding politician and strategist in world history. 1 162 (thirty-two years in Shaoxing, Song Gaozong, and two years in Dading, Jin Shizong) was born in the upper reaches of Mobei grassland (now Kent, Mongolia) with the name Temujin. Great Mongolia was founded in the spring of12006. Since then, it has launched many wars of foreign conquest, conquered the Black Sea coast in Central Asia and reached Eastern Europe in the west. 1227 died while conquering Xixia and was buried in secret. 1265 October (in the second year of Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan was honored as the Jisi Khan Temple named Mao. 1266 (3rd year of Yuan Dynasty) October, the ancestral hall was built to honor the name of the ancestral hall. Yuan Shizu honored Genghis Khan as the Emperor of Wu Sheng. 1309 (the second year of Zhengzheng) In December, Wuyingzong Haishan was named Taizu. From then on, Genghis Khan's posthumous title became the emperor of Shengwu.
Create text:
Mongolians used to have no writing, only mowing grass and woodcarving to take notes. In Temujin's war against Naiman, he caught a Uighur named Tatatan. He is Naiman Sun Khan's handprint officer, and respects him as a national fu, so that he can master the golden seal and the Valley of Money. Temujin asked Tata son to stay with him. "After that, if there is a decree, it will be printed first, and it will still be ordered." Soon, Temujin asked Tattoona to spell Mongolian with Uighur initials and taught his ministers to learn. This is the so-called "Uighur". From then on, the literature of the Mongolian khanate, "The use of Uighur in Uighur", "Uighur only has 2 1 letter, and the rest are only compiled by the radicals.
Han, Khitan, and Jurchen countries died, only using Chinese characters. "For a long time, Xiao Mu was still the only place in Mongolia." Huizi "refers to" the book of formidable characters ". Although Kublai Khan once asked Buddhist teacher Ba Siba to create "Mongolian New Characters", it was basically not used after the Yuan Dynasty withdrew from the Central Plains. The "Uighur Characters" were improved after the reform in 65438+the beginning of the 4th century, and have been used ever since. Tatatang created Mongolian characters, which is a pioneering work in the history of Mongolian Khanate. It is because of this writing that Genghis Khan can promulgate written laws and books, and the first ancient history of the Mongolian people, The Secret History of Mongolia, written shortly after his death, was written in this fearsome language.
Communication grammar:
Before Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, there could be no written law, because Mongolians had no writing. When Genghis Khan established People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1206, he ordered him to throw away his property and suddenly set about drafting the Green Paper, which was the beginning of the Mongolian people's formal promulgation of the written law. However, the first written law of the Mongols, Zasa Grand Ceremony, was formulated more than ten years later and before the Western Expedition of Hualamozi. According to historical records, in 12 19, "Genghis Khan held high the banner of conquering the world, and went to Huala Mozi". Before leaving school, he "called a meeting and held Huliletai, in which his own leadership rules, laws and ancient habits were redefined", the so-called Zasa ceremony. Feini Zhi specially wrote a chapter "Laws made by Genghis Khan and Zasa promulgated after he came to power" in "History of World Conquerors", in which he said: "Because the Tatars didn't have their own characters, he ordered Mongolian children to learn to write Uighur, and recorded relevant Zasa and laws on scrolls.
These scrolls are called "The Grand Ceremony of Sasa" and kept in the vault of the late king. Whenever the new Khan ascended the throne, the army mobilized, or the kings got together to discuss state affairs, they took out these letters, acted according to the above words, and dispatched troops in the above-mentioned way to destroy counties and towns. The Grand Ceremony of Zasa has been lost, but some of its provisions are recorded in Chinese and foreign history books. In Mongolian society, Khan and He Han are supreme rulers and enjoy supreme authority. Khan's words and orders are laws, and Genghis Khan's orders are recorded in the Great Zagreb issued by Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan's "precepts" are also called "big decrees".
Religious policy:
The Mongol khanate established by Genghis Khan and his descendants spans Europe and Asia. At that time, almost all religions in the world were under his rule. These include Shamanism believed by Mongols at first, Buddhism believed by Tibet, Xixia and Han people, Taoism and Manichaeism in Jin and Southern Song Dynasties, Islam (Uighur and barbarian) believed by Uighur and western countries, Christianity believed by some tribes in Mongolian Plateau and even Qincha and Woluosi countries (including Nestorianism, that is, Nestorianism; Yerikovin, Roman school) and so on. Mongolian nobles conquered the world, basically adopting the policy of slaughter and plunder, but their religious policy was more liberal. Instead of forcing the conquered to convert to Mongolian religion, they declared freedom of religious belief, allowed various sects to exist, allowed Mongolians to participate in various sects freely, and basically exempted Christians from taxes and corvees. The implementation of this policy, to a certain extent, reduced the resistance of the conquered, and played a great role in winning and ruling the world by Mongolian nobles.
With the conquest of Central Asia, Persia, Caucasus and the Great Plains of Eastern Europe, the number of Hui people coming to the East has increased at an unprecedented rate. Mongolian aristocrats used Hui Hui's upper class and wealthy businessmen as helpers to oppress and exploit the Han people in the Central Plains, such as Huala Mozi, Jalava Red, Buhuala Noble Saidian Chishan Siding, wealthy businessman Aodura He Man, Ahema, etc. They all hold very important positions in the ruling institutions. Muslims who moved to Mobei and the Central Plains were allowed to keep their religious beliefs and build mosques in their settlements. Muslim teachers are rude and ascetic, and enjoy the same tax-free treatment as monks and monks and Jezsik. But ordinary Muslims-Musuluman, like weavers, have to pay taxes and their wages are very low.
In short, "In China, because the Mongols adopted the policy of" freedom of belief "and" tolerance ",Islam took the opportunity to develop eastward, and a large number of Muslims moved to China, which laid the foundation for the formation of the Muslim nation". Since Kublai Khan, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty mainly advocated Lamaism, and the Tibetan Basiba was honored as "King Dabao" and "Master Dayuan". After the death of every imperial teacher, he will take one person from Tibet as an heir until the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. Buddhism thus mastered the local political power in Tibet and introduced its teachings into Mongolia.