1. Three Kingdoms: Separatism by heroes, the three kingdoms stand

After the war against Dong Zhuo, local warlords ignored the central power of the Eastern Han Dynasty and turned to develop their own forces.

With the efforts of Zhuge Liang and Sun Quan, Shu Han and Soochow restored their alliance and resisted Cao Wei. At this point, the situation of the Three Kingdoms was officially formed.

2. The Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: the most frequent regime changes, long-term feudal separatism and continuous wars.

Two Jins: The Jin Dynasty was divided into the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 266 AD, Sima Yan replaced Wei and proclaimed himself emperor (Emperor Wu of Jin). The country was named Jin, and the capital was established in Luoyang. It was called the Western Jin in history. In 280 AD, Wu was destroyed and the whole country was unified. The divisions since the Qin and Han Dynasties were reunited. The ruled territory extends to the sea in the east and south, Congling in the west, Vietnam in the south, the desert in the north, and Liaodong in the east.

Southern and Northern Dynasties: The Southern Dynasties were divided into four dynasties: Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. The Song Dynasty was established after Liu Yu seized power from the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 420 AD. The country was named Song Dynasty and its capital was Jiankang. Because the royal family's surname was Liu, it was called Liu Song Dynasty in history.

The Northern Dynasties mainly include the Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties.

Extended information:

Economic characteristics:

1. Three Kingdoms:

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to natural disasters and wars, society was destroyed, making The economy declined and a large amount of farmland was abandoned. Some powerful families led their people to build forts for self-defense. After engaging in production activities around it, it gradually became a self-sufficient manor system. Both Wubao and the manor system influenced the economic model of the later Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Due to the collapse of the Eastern Han Dynasty, no one was able to recast the worn copper coins, and a large amount of private money appeared. After the establishment of the Three Kingdoms, the newly issued copper coins were not widely circulated, so physical objects such as cloth, silk, grain, and chestnuts had to be officially used as the main currency.

2. The two Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties:

First, the economies of the north and the south tended to be balanced. The south of the Yangtze River developed rapidly, while the development of the Central Plains was relatively slow.

Second, the noble manor economy and monastery economy occupied an important position. The development of the gentry system and the rulers' belief in Buddhism led to the vicious expansion of the landlord manor economy and the monastery economy, resulting in a large loss of land and labor.

Third, the overall level of the commodity economy is low. Due to the war, many cities were severely damaged. In addition, the south had just been developed, and the commodity economy developed slowly.

Fourth, economic exchanges among various ethnic groups have been strengthened. Due to the strengthening of ethnic integration, the various ethnic groups during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had close ties and gradually integrated into one. All ethnic groups learn from each other and complement each other's strengths, which promotes economic recovery and development. At the same time, it also laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Fifth, the handicraft industry has also developed significantly. The south is rich in celadon and the utensils are beautiful in shape; Shu brocade is famous far and wide.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Three Kingdoms

Baidu Encyclopedia - Wei and Jin Dynasties Northern and Southern Dynasties