(Note: The method I introduce below is based on the basic ability of the brain, not the method given in logic. Please use it differently. )
First, training concept cognition:
Every concept has its connotation and extension. We can simply explain the connotation and extension with the following figure: inaccurate but popular, each concept has a big concept above it, a small concept below it and a parallel concept next to it. As shown in the figure below:
Fruit is a first-class concept, apples are second-class, and Guoguang apples are third-class. From the third level to the second level and the first level, it is called concept stacking, and from the first level down to the second and third levels, the concepts of "pear" and "banana" are parallel concepts of "apple". When a person has the word "apple" in his mind, he has the concepts of stacking, cutting and parallelism at the same time, so his understanding of "apple" is very accurate. If this person thinks that there is an apple, cucumber and wax gourd under the fruit, there is something wrong with the conceptual logic in his mind, because if "apple" and "cucumber" wax gourd are together, the big concept above is not "fruit" but "melon".
Therefore, the way to train yourself to have a clear concept is very simple, that is, keep thinking about a concept, and then think about what its concept is parallel to the upper pile and the lower section. You can use mind maps and organizational structures to draw.
Moreover, Apple is not only a conceptual structure classification, but also others. Maybe the melon and fruit are up, and the iphone\ipad\mac is down, as shown below. Practice like this, the more you practice, the clearer your concept will be.
Fundamentally speaking, this is related to the brain nerve network. This figure is essentially consistent with the network connection of the brain, so the upper pile and the lower section are parallel, which is the basic "routine" of brain operation.
Second, train effective reasoning thinking:
There are three kinds of reasoning: induction, deduction and backtracking.
What is induction? You can simply think of it as a pile, no matter what data, evidence or phenomenon you see ... what is the name of the pile?
I see that potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, green onions and Chinese cabbage ... have all been reduced in price. Can I sum up this phenomenon of "vegetable reduction"? If there is still rice, eggs, tofu, tea oil ... and the price is reduced, can I reduce the price of agricultural and sideline products? This is induction.
On the other hand, deletion can be regarded as deduction (attention is not completely consistent in logic, but it is consistent in training thinking mode and brain thinking mode).
I saw a beautiful girl. Why is she beautiful? She has big eyes, black hair, red mouth and a high nose ... This is a dig into the "beautiful girl appearance" and an interpretation of the beautiful girl.
Therefore, we can train our inductive reasoning ability by expanding the concept into phenomena, data and evidence by training the concept mentioned above.
Then what is traceability?
Traceability is related to the timeline in the brain. The brain usually thinks that what happens in front of the same timeline in the brain (attention is not practical) is the cause, and the latter is the result. For example, dragons give birth to dragons and phoenixes, and rats give birth to burrows. Parents are in front, children are behind, parents are responsible, and children are the result. No one will think that the reason why his son is a mouse is that his parents are mice. So in the brain, there is always a problem with traceability. The fundamental problem is that the time axis of this person's brain is not clear enough. Therefore, in the workplace and life, people with unclear traceability often have problems in work planning and time management.
To train your retrospective ability, you must train your timeline.
The easiest way is to draw a timeline and draw the timeline of complex events bit by bit. Pay attention to holding the strokes, and don't use the computer to draw (the sketchpad is also acceptable), because only in this way can the hand and brain be combined to form brain training.
When drawing lines, try to find out what is the cause of what and what is the result of what. It is best to draw a network diagram of complex events. For example, as shown below:
This is a typical complex time line diagram. If we train ourselves to draw such a picture, we can train our traceability.
Once again: the method I introduced above is based on the basic ability of the brain, not the method given logically. Please use it differently.