bad debt or loan
cash flow statements
Clear ownership and clear property rights.
debt-to-equity
Equity diversification
scale economy
Emerging economies
Exchange rate system exchange rate mechanism
Funds and financing financing financing
Global financial architecture Global financial system
Global integration, global integration, globalization
be listed
(Economy) is growing rapidly by spurt.
A millionaire with "two commas"
Hedging hedging
housing mortgage loan
holding company
holding company
Initial public offering of original shares
Initial public offering initial public offering
innovating enterprise
Knowledge capital
Inter-bank lending
Online customers
Payback period of investment
Joint stock
Shopping mall mouse, a young man who loves shopping.
Means of production, factors of production
Social pooling of medical expenses for major diseases
Social pooling of medical expenses for serious illness
Mergers and acquisitions
Mobile banking Mobile banking
Emotional popularity
Potato networm
No store sales direct-selling
issue a new share
online bank
Online finance
Online customer (bank's online customer)
book profit
tangible
Project fund system
multilevel marketing
reorganized assets
Regional Currency Freezing Regional Currency Groups
Standardized management
Sell and realize
the stock option
smart card
Price-cutting transaction
Idle production capacity
Strong growth momentum
Convert trade
Take ... public.
Excavate idle assets and revitalize existing assets
Transaction (bank) transaction
Treasury transfer payment
Financial transfer payment
venture capital
virtual bank
Telegraphic transfer electronic transfer
Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms d
D
White paper currency issue
certificate of deposit
Withdraw a large amount of cash.
extensive landslide
Integrated single banking system.
Bad debts (see "bad debts")
Loan loss reserve (reserve)
Idle loan
Loans precipitate non-performing loans
Loan classification
Credit control of loan limit management; Set a credit ceiling
Credit constraint (constraint) mechanism in loan constraint mechanism
Acting Ministry of Finance as financial agent
Acting as an agent for financial institutions to issue loans to other institutions.
Earmark loan with hat
The reverse mechanism reverses the transmission of the pressure of easing money.
ethical risk
Regional disparity
primary industry
secondary industry
Service industry, tertiary industry; service sector
Deferred assets
Insufficient orders
time deposit
Directionally raise funds from target sources
Host country (see "home country")
independent accounting
treasury bill
Hedging operation; hedging
Claims on non-financial sectors
Diversified ownership of various forms of ownership
Comparison table of Chinese and English economic and financial terms
E
hyperinflation
secondary market
F
Issue currency to issue currency
Total number of shares issued.
Statutory reserve statutory reserve; Reserve requirements
Institutional unit
Institutional shareholders in corporate shareholders
rule of law
investment in real estate
Loosening money and monetary policy.
Off-site monitoring
Non-bank financial institution
nonprofit organization
Distribution of central and local taxes; Tax distribution system
Financial services (services) are operated separately; Division of business scope based on types of financial institutions
Risk exposure (risk exposure)
risk management
risk awareness
Risk-weighted capital ratio
Risk-based capital standard
Service income and public service charges; User fees
aid the poor
negative growth
Double budget; Capital and regular budget accounts
Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms g
G
Reform experiment
Leverage ratio
leveraged buyout
Raise high-interest funds by offering high interest rates
Non-institutional unit
Fundamental reversal (or reversal)
Open market operation
Private deposit of public funds in personal accounts
public utilities
State-owned sector in public economy; public sector
public ownership
Profit-cost ratio of industrial cost
Industrial added value
Supply exceeds demand; Oversupply
encourage
Joint stock cooperative enterprise
joint venture
share-holding bank
Fixed assets loan
tariffs
reduce tariff
Preferential tariff incentives; Preferential tariff treatment
To regulate (or standardize) the behavior of ...
scale economy
beneficial to the people's livelihood
Other government expenditures from the state to individuals.
country risk
International division of labor
Trade payment balance
wholly state-owned commercial bank
State (or public) sector
state-owned enterprise
State ownership
Loss of state-owned assets
Government securities repurchase
The main underwriter of government securities.
Excessive competition, excessive competition
overexpansion
Signs of overheating
Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms h
H
Reasonable expectations
Core capital
joint venture
dividend
The macroeconomic performance is good and the macroeconomic operation is good.
Macroeconomic basis
Macroeconomic management (or adjustment)
Macro-control objectives
bad debt or loan
Loan service office
Unit export cost; Local currency cost of export income
Exchange of circulating funds in transit
Advance payment of beneficiary's bank remittance
Unified exchange rate
current deposit
Exchange rate misalignment
Mixed ownership and diversified (mixed) ownership
Monetary policy stance
Debts owed to suppliers
Comparison table of Chinese-English economic and financial terms j
J
Capital investment in infrastructure
Basic economic factors economic base
Basically moderate scalability
benchmark interest rate
Deposits of non-profit organizations of government agencies and groups
Opportunity cost
overwhelm
A large inventory, a serious backlog; Overstock
Run a bank, squeeze deposits
Misappropriation and occupation of unnecessary diversified (financial) resources (non-design purposes)
Investment in technology upgrading
technology-intensive product
Cities under separate state planning
planned economy
Collective sector of collective economy
Strengthen structural adjustment and realize intensive structural adjustment.
processing trade
Accelerated trend
Strengthen tax collection and management and strengthen tax management
Weighted average price
Price liberalization
Price formation mechanism
reduce losses
Simplify procedures and reduce red tape; simplify the procedures
Active trading
Transfer of deposit reserve to deposit reserve
malformation
Structural imbalance
Structural contradictions are prominent and structural imbalances are sharp.
Structural improvement (optimization)
foreign exchange trading
Financial fragility
financial turmoil
financial turmoil
financial panic
Financial crisis, financial crisis.
Financial repression
financial derivatives
Financial fraud financial fraud
Tightening monetary policy
Austerity policy; Tight fiscal policy
Current account convertibility
special economic zone
Economic reform of the economic system
The main source of economic growth has changed (from investment expansion to efficiency improvement)
Economic slowdown; Economic growth slowed down.
economic sanctions
Management autonomy
Economic recovery, recovery of business activities
overseas investment
intensifying competition
Local (isolated) financial turmoil
Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table K-L
K
Operate RMB business
Sustainable economic growth
variable cost
convertible currency
Controlling cash injection and controlling currency issuance
Deduct the actual price factor; On the basis of inflation adjustment
Inventory product inventory
Cross-border banking business of multinational banks
Cross-year procurement
accounting standards
L
Processing imported materials for export
Offshore Bank offshore bank
Straighten out the foreign trade system and foreign trade registration.
The role of interest rate leverage in resource allocation
Profit-driven
Interest recovery rate
Inter-bank settlement of inter-bank clearing
Franchise (merchant), chain enterprise; Chain enterprise
virtuous cycle
The income gap with increasing polarization; Polarization of income distribution
retail price index
liquidity ratio
Turnover rate of current assets/speed of current assets
Working capital lending
Distribution system of circulation system
distribution network
To be purchased (the lessee can purchase the leased property at the expiration of the lease)
Monopoly industry (department)
Illegal fund-raising
Abnormal (illegal) charges
Unfair (arbitrary) apportionment
Comparison table of Chinese and English economic and financial terms
M
buyer's market
seller's market
Selling repurchased securities matches selling repurchased securities.
trade balance
Non-institutionalized credit of folk credit
Exempt from income tax for the first two years from the beginning of profit, and reduce the tax by half for the next three years.
Ming bu Ming bu
Dominant loss
brand name products
Home country (see "host country")
ordinary
internal control
inside audit
Mainland and Hong Kong Mainland and Hong Kong
domestic debt
Turn losses into profits to turn losses into profits for loss-making enterprises.
Distorted allocation of financial resources
Expenditure planning of agricultural and sideline products procurement is used for agricultural procurement.
rural credit association
P
Bubble effect
Bubble economy
Cultivate new economic growth points and tap new economic growth points
One-sided pursuit of development speed, extreme pursuit of growth
balanced development
Bottleneck (restriction)
Steady recovery
Initial (start-up) working capital
A broad-based recovery has generally picked up.
Accompanying (supporting) reforms
Matching RMB funds and local currency funds …
Q-R Chinese-English economic and financial terms table
Q
Enterprises run social enterprises with social responsibilities.
Enterprise group strategy
Company merger and reorganization
Enterprise management led by enterprises
business income tax
Enterprise profitability and enterprise benefit
Corporate funds illegally flow into the stock market, and corporate funds illegally flow into the stock market.
owing taxes
Overdue interest
Strengthen tax collection and management and strengthen tax management
Litigation for enforcement of judgment
Legacy effect of recoil factor
Cancel some applications
Clean up and recover loans
Liquidation (bankruptcy)
Inclined policy
Differential treatment
Trend strengthening
globalization
Return on equity
Lack of endurance
rare
Revolving loan with revolving credit limit
per capita GDP (gross domestic product)
Per capita income
The upward pressure of RMB appreciation on RMB (exchange rate)
subscribed capital
soft loan
Soft budget constraint
"Soft landing"
Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table W-X
W
outside audit
foreign direct investment (FDI)
foreign exchange reserves
foreignexchangeswap
RMB counter part of foreign exchange reserves; Rmb equivalent of official foreign exchange reserves
export-oriented economy
foreign debt
full foreign-owned enterprises
Perfecting the modern enterprise system, perfecting the modern enterprise system
tax payment receipt
crooked deal
Entrusted deposit
Steady growth, steady growth
A sound banking system
Make progress while ensuring stability
Paperless transaction bookkeeping (or paperless/scriptless) transactions
Price monitoring
X
Absorb liquidity Absorb liquidity
Scarce economy in scarce economy
Money laundering
Dispatching fund allocation in banks in the system
systematic financial crises
Laid-off workers among laid-off workers
downstream company
spot checking
Cash retention (in the hands of residents) Cash held outside the banking system.
Township enterprises and rural enterprises (TVES)
Consumer price index
Consumption tax incentive tax
Eliminate the fiscal deficit to balance the budget; Eliminate the fiscal deficit
Return the sales revenue to the banking system.
Flat sales
Agreed amount of foreign investment promised amount of foreign investment
New economic growth point new economic growth point
New projects; Newly started project
New loans and incremental credit; Increment of loans; Credit growth; credit expansion
New job; New job opportunities
Credit scale assessment reviews the compliance of credit qualifications.
Distorted signal with distorted signal
trust (and investment) company
Information Asymmetry
Information feedback (information)
information sharing system
information disclosure
credit expansion
credit rating
Surname "Zi" or "She" related to socialism or capitalism; Socialist or capitalist
administrative measure
Demand expansion; Excess demand
False deposit whitewashes deposit.
Reduce redundant personnel to reduce redundant labor.
rent-seeking
Quick rebound
Chinese-English economic and financial terms comparison table Y-Z
Y
pension fund
Comprehensive and universal application; Involuntary implementation
primary market
interest receivable
bank outlets
profitability
Business tax business tax
Hard loan (commercial loan)
Land use approval for granting land use rights
Managed floating exchange rate
Portfolio investment
floating capital
A marketable product with a market.
effective supply
Triggering a new round of economic expansion.
Overdue loans overdue loan; Overdue loan
In line with international practice, in line with international practice.
Connect with the international market, connect with the world market.
Extrabudgetary expenditure (income)
Pre-adjustment
Calculated monthly; mensual
Z
central bank loan
Reserve positions in international financial institutions
Deposit in the central bank of the People's Bank of China.
In-transit funds
Increase agricultural input and investment.
Slow growth; Growth momentum slowed down.
Measures to increase income and control expenditure
Steady growth
value-added tax
Higher than expected growth rate; Excessive growth
Off balance sheet account
depreciate
Correct austerity; merge
policy instrument
Policy-related business
policy banks
Policy mix
government intervention
Settlement of securities transactions
Funds for purchasing securities from securities companies
Payment difficulty
ability to pay
The direct regulation mode is to increase the dependence on indirect policy tools.
Indirect control mode conversion function conversion function
professional ethics
Compulsory measures
Mandatory plan; management plan
Formulate and implement monetary policy to conduct monetary policy; Formulating and implementing monetary policy
lagging effect
intermediary organ
Division of financial responsibilities between central and local governments
Focus on key construction projects for eating in different stoves; Key investment projects
The trough of the business cycle
velocity of turnover
Host bank, main bank
Sovereign risk
registered capital
Step by step; Phased realization
Phase out
Grasp the big and release the small (keep close supervision on large state-owned enterprises and let smaller enterprises participate in market competition).
A fixed sum is for a fixed purpose.
on-lending
Transition economy transition economy
turn round
turning point
Quasi-fiscal deficit
near money
Insufficient capital
capital adequacy ratio
Return on capital
Capital account convertibility
Insolvency; go bankrupt
Balance sheet
Asset-liability ratio Debt/asset ratio; Asset-liability ratio
Concentration of assets
Asset contribution coefficient
return on asset
Asset quality asset quality
property; assets
Financing cost; Cost of capital; financing cost
All funds are in place (project)
Have sufficient funds
fund utilization rate
Financing gap
Extracorporeal circulation of funds
The funds are occupied.
Self-financing project
Equity funds with their own funds
Comprehensive national strength (usually measured by GDP)
Overall efficiency index
Comprehensive adjustment (tightening); long-distance transport
Total contract value
Total transaction amount
total cost
Lender of last resort