Ice flood is a common natural phenomenon in the Yellow River and a temporary flood caused by ice jam. Due to the high latitude of the Yellow River, the downstream usually freezes in winter. In early spring, the river thaws and opens, ice water collects, ice plugs, and the water level rises, resulting in ice flood. This period is the ice flood period of the Yellow River. Because the latitude difference between the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River is more than 3 degrees, the average temperature difference in winter is 3~4 degrees Celsius. The upstream is frozen late and early, and the ice is thin; The lower section of the river is sealed early and opened late, and the ice is thick. Generally, during1~ February, the temperature rises, and the upper and lower latitudes first freeze and thaw to open the river. During the freezing period, the accumulated water in the river channel is released and discharged rapidly, forming ice flood, and the flood peak flow along the way increases and the water level rises. However, due to the low temperature and freezing in the lower high latitude reach, under the action of hydrodynamic force, the water rises and the ice opens, forming the "Wukai River". During the "Wukai River" period, thawing came quickly, especially when the temperature soared or the water level soared, large pieces of ice surged down, which easily caused freezing. Sometimes, a large amount of ice is blocked in narrow, curved and shallow places, forming ice plugs and ice dams, which leads to a sharp rise in water level. Due to ice jam and flowing ice jam, the circulation area is reduced, which may form an ice dam. As the water level rises, there will be water bulging ice.

Specifically:

① Lanzhou section of the Yellow River

② Ningxia ice flood.

③ Ice flood in Inner Mongolia

④ Ice flood in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.