(1) The known source of money is money from the Tang Dynasty, "Guan" (also known as "responsible country"). ") represents that the country has established a" Tianyu County, where gold started in Hanyu, and precious stones are also wild in the south, east and west of trillions. From the week of 7.08 million Li, the water did not pass through the former king during the trip to Chengguan. The real difficulty is that three coins, namely heavy pearl coins, gold coins, knives and coins, are hung in a warm home and kept in the civil service examination. In a peaceful world, the old king's mouth was not filled. "This view has a great influence and almost becomes a conclusion, which is related to the mainstream consciousness of the origin of money. (2) In the Tang Dynasty, there were land loans in Jiuling, Jianbei, represented by Chang Jiangling.
In this case, on March 9th, in the 23rd year of Kaiyuan (734), Ling wrote: "Discuss private money", pointing out that "the size of the coins and silks of ancient Shu millet, the funds traded by Germany, Zhenyuan and Beijing in 10 years (794), the terrain, the items and the surname of Wu", said: "What Lao Wang was afraid of was that it was difficult to trade some of them with quasi-legislative currency. In the first year of Emperor Zongyuan's reign (806), Li Bai said, "Heaven is impermanent. Is three years old, rich and evil. Plum is limited, so is material, and such material benefits are shrinking. "Sitting is called a real necessity, but money is a knife and cloth. When trading, seize it and respect it. " Long Mu Zong Dongxi (82 1), Jiang Yang Yu Ling of the Ministry of Commerce, and Qian Wanghuo have the right to keep or hinder persistent sports. (3) Purple's remarks, in order to facilitate the actual needs of exchanging goods and technology and maintain power, explain the source of money. The famous design and manufacture of money is very superficial and also the main point of subjective idealism. Foreign currency substitution is interpreted as the product of political power and ruling interests, which confuses the internal relationship between the origin of money and commodity exchange. The nature of the problem of money hinders the correct understanding. In fact, the viewpoint of money is the authority of the rulers, and the streaming media of the ruling class is reported by the state Anbang that money cannot be exchanged for goods, which is generally equivalent to goods of special nature. This superficial and wrong theory about the origin and purpose of money determines the nature of its monetary fallacy as a matter of course, and this level of understanding is undoubtedly far away from the path of understanding held by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty in NGS Business Road and that the tortoise shell money knife is strictly "the natural occurrence parameter of money". Sima Qian, who realized that money itself is a special commodity, said that the production and exchange of money and commodities in our generation is the result of NGS trade development, and the objective parameters of the origin of money are correct. Zheng Jiezhi said that the Tang Dynasty only accepted a "pipeline" and did not seriously study the idea.
Role management functions:
One of the rights of Japanese goods, in future transactions, involves promoting the development of e-commerce and integrating the scattered social economy. Secondly, adjusting the price level and the severity of the operating handle can increase the national fiscal revenue and consolidate the rights of feudal ruling order. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the relationship between trade and industry and limit the development of commodity economy to the scope allowed by the merger and acquisition of local feudal ruling forces. Monetary management, including monetary management in circulation, monetary theory and monetary essence come from the origin of the country and the guiding ideology of monetary management in the Tang Dynasty. The total circulation of money is the government's production rights, casting rights and distribution rights, as well as the state's monopoly on the field of rights, and private individuals are allowed to dye fat.
Conclusion:
As can be seen from the above, we inherited the monetary thought of the Tang Dynasty and indulged the monetary theory of the Western Han Dynasty, but there are still some problems, some progress has been made, and some viewpoints have become clearer. However, at the general level of modernization, rather than substantive breakthroughs and progress, we still stay in fixed words and understanding. Compared with the further development of this level, the new situation of consciousness, commodity economy and monetary economy in Tang Dynasty is obviously too backward, which is an obstacle to social and economic development. Do you still believe in authoritative commodities during the reign of the Tang Dynasty? Money and the country's current financial and tool world, such a focus can be used to unconsciously change and demand money in finance and politics, so as to take action according to the principles of social and economic development, which is impossible to realize the contradiction and conflict between financial interests, political interests and financial goals, and the financial demand for economic development caused by the nature of the economic law of funds.
The currency of historical development is a product exchange commodity. The secret of your family's cultural burial has been discovered in China's mother Ma Jia Machang. Shells, even the original coins. Shells unearthed in the tombs of Cayo culture are quite common, but stones, bones, shells and copper shells are also found to reflect the degree of commodity exchange. Strictly speaking, the artificial casting of money began with knives and cloth in the Spring and Autumn Period. China's ancient currency, the single currency, was minted after Qin Shihuang unified the whole country. Wang Mang was retro-transformed, and once he resumed using knives and cloth coins, the time was too short. Until the reform of the Republic of China, the number of Wang Zhaoxing and Jindong Timor was constantly changing, and the scale of Qian Wen was not balanced under different conditions. However, the round money of the side hole is still undiminished today. When many ancient coins were handed down, the unearthed ancient coins came with the development of commodity economy in China feudal society. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was another child. Paper money was officially issued in the Yuan Dynasty, and continued to be issued in the plain farmland and economic exchange during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Golmud Farm was discovered on 1958, and its active notes in the first year cost more than 400 yuan. There are many varieties and long-term preservation, which are rare in China. 1956 The infrastructure project of the restaurant in Huangmiao Street (now Jiefang Road) in Xining City found that Persian Yin Lun was an important passage in Central Asia in the 5th and 6th centuries. It is about 2.5 cm in diameter and weighs 3.8 grams. The front is like the king, and different people are like the silver dot A and B styles of the king. A is on the top of the head, with steel on both sides and back of the crown. The crown decorated with battlements is alert behind two floating spherical chandeliers, and his face is close to the shoulder of the bowl decorated with the inscription line KADIPIRVCI (Stripping founded in Sri Lanka). The main crown, the front and rear wing-like objects, the crown and the crown have a pair of wings floating on the shoulders of the front object, and the back is facing the police. Is the pattern of the A-type and B-type back opposite the general Isaiah skirt the same? Alexandra is on the silver Zoroastrian altar, with the ER $ pentagram and crescent flame on both sides of the altar. Many stone tablets standing behind convey wisdom and offer sacrifices on the altars opposite to each other. The time when Bossasan unearthed from Huangmiao Street in Xining City faced Belize Luz (equivalent to the northern and southern regions of China).
The currency in circulation in the Tang Dynasty was monopolized by the government, leaving the management, casting and distribution rights of the currency. The universal guiding ideology of the ruling class and the authoritative tools of the state do not allow private capitalists. In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), the Tang Dynasty accommodated the China of Jiuling, so it was privately erected. Made it? Next, the result of the discussion. "* * * clear tube group, suggestion, will". Li, Pei Yaoqing, Xiao Gui and others think that "money is the right currency. According to the old system, rape is absolutely forbidden and abuse is absolutely prohibited, lest the villain give up the reputation of agriculture and abuse is inconvenient for Director Liu. The spring loan mint system states that this right is "the right to live, but it is not false. Later, the land loan clearly emphasized that the palace of garde nationale, the monetary ritual spring, had not been reduced at all, and still believed that "Xi should go to the country's inherent" sincerity "to cut clothes. The short board of rights put forward the vertical movement of private casting on the benign copper vest, but the guiding ideology for the country was very clear. money
Summing up the origin, the commodity exchange mediated by money and coal is the inevitable result of the development of commodity production. The origin of China currency points out that during this period, bones, shells, stones, shells and pottery shells began to spread before the Shang Dynasty and the Xia and Shang Dynasties. The development of shell-decorated currency can be traced back to the emperor's period. China currency started from the shell of currency and has gone through a civilization course of 5,000 years.
The ancestors of China people mastered the management of metal currency and the technology of metal technology. Some yinhui soil has bronze tombs and blocks, which may be the driest metal currency.
After the drought analysis of currency, for a long time, the different tribes of economy and currency restored by barter at different stages are not some controversial bronzes unearthed today: axe, heart, fish and power grid equipment.
From a historical point of view, the evolution process of communication development form can be condensed into value form-expanded value form-general value form-currency form. In such a historical development process. It should be: first, money is the emergence and development of a historical economic sector. Commodity-to-commodity exchange, the spontaneous product of money, is the development of commodity economy, not the development of currency exchange products due to invention, negotiation or legal consequences. Third, labor and social development.
As a result of the contradiction, private drivers dug up a small amount of the actual shape of the ground and buried them in the ground. Qin Yan, the result of a commercial burial, collected many researchers' ancient coins and the currencies of other early Yin suppliers.
Introduction to coins
Money is the medium of commodity exchange, and the origin of money and the development of commodity production are the inevitable results. Evidence of China's currency can be found in the bronze shell of Shang Dynasty. "In the Xia and Shang dynasties, bones, shells, stones, shells and pottery shells have begun to spread. The development of currency shell ornaments can be traced back to the emperor's period, because China's currency has a civilization history of four or five thousand years from its shell.
People in China talked about the origin of ancestors, the main metal smelting technology of metal currency, and the disabled people on copper graves, which may be the earliest metal currency.
The early analysis of China's monetary production did not enter the barter stage until a long time later. Economically, different tribes have different currencies in the early days. Some controversial bronzes have been unearthed today, such as the actual shape and volume of axes, luster, fish and small nets, as well as some small-scale excavation and burial of Shang tombs before Qin Dynasty. So many ancient coins were collected and studied as money in the early Shang Dynasty.
Before the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty unified China's pre-Qin currency. Due to the different living environment and living tribes (countries), the mint began to produce prototype tools for a period of time after the SARS period. According to textual research, there are four main sources: living forest area, forest farm axe and Ge Zabing prototype analysis. Coin, according to the regional differences and the number of symbols or letters of ontology names, is a masterpiece on this standard land, which lasted until the representative of the Qing Dynasty. Analysis of cast iron parts of A-type shovel track in rural areas. More areas on the lake, fishing industry, coinage is like the life of totem tribe, just like its name, such as weight, and so on. Handicraft industry in developed areas, currency in the same period, degree of civilization, square-hole banknotes or round-hole banknotes. The currency here is the main axis of imitation, or imitation jade, but it is still a mystery. Of course, you can use this money to develop tribal civilization parks.
Qin and Han currency
After the unification of China in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States and Qin Dynasty, Tang Xianzu of China threw a record coin with a shape matching the age and weight. The words in the book, with different degrees of severity, are now generally called the rural seals of the pre-Qin half or the Warring States half. Qin Shihuang unified China. Qin nuclear, er, unified the ground of Troy, unified half of Qin Qin. But soon, due to the huge military expenditure, minting money and continuing to lose weight, the lighter tyranny investment bank.
Han Liubang set out at noon to make money. Qian Wenxi read the names of two old people in half. But the actual weight is only about 30 baht. Casting and allowing the private sector. So most of the small thin shallow characters are half Chinese and half Chinese. Half of the money, due to the government and people's actors, in different places, complicated results, not completely collected. The problems and shortcomings of double money and repeatedly losing weight over money have caused the country's economic crisis. In order to reduce half of the credit, South Korea and militarism ordered pre-emptive measures to force half of the money to invest three baht in internal white deerskin coins and problems (the value is 400,000), and external problems, three products 100 gold, casting three independent values of silver, tin, dragon, horse and turtle. In the 5th year of founding ceremony in Han and Yuan Dynasties (AD 18) and the 4th year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (AD 62 1 year), five baht coins were minted, which lasted nearly 7 years and 800 years. The longest minted currency in China. Staying in the world is a huge number. Classification is very complicated. Photos of the money period
In 2002 (the seventh session), Wang Mang had carried out three monetization reforms, with the common goal of fine casting money. Wang Mang first changed the major currencies and made 56 coins with three kinds of false values, namely "big reed knife" and "wrong" coins. The second coin (A.D.) had nine useless knives, a five-baht string, a big reed, a big reed and a straight reed. So these two coins have been widely circulated. The third reform, established two years ago, implemented 38 kinds of products (Chu products, shellfish products, cloth products, turtle treasures, silver futures and gold) in Wuwu Road, Zhongshan District.
The chaotic monetary system represents the quality of coinage in its heyday. The master of coinage in Wang Mang's era said that Wang Mang Shufa Qian used and hung money perfume, and the protection of coinage, regardless of round money, knife money, cloth money and outline, was very good. This passage, the currency handed down, is lovely and irresistible. /& gt； Three currencies
Wei, Shu and Wu called it "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The complexity of the monetary system during this period, coupled with the unknown war in history, has now closed the currency of the Three Kingdoms period, and it is difficult to cast a solution in minutes.
Third, changes in the regional monetary system, in
Wei wuzhu
Five baht is cast in Sichuan, or five baht is straight.
There are 500 eucalyptus trees in Wu Qu, hundreds of thousands in Daquan and 5,000 in Daquan for thousands of years. Otherwise, Pacific Hundred Money and 65,438+000 fixed level are the main skills. When the Three Kingdoms, the Pacific Ocean, the Hundred Money Boat, and Guangdong ridiculed, even voted for Sichuan in May, 100.
In the history books, five baht is the main line of casting money that was not mentioned in the Western Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the unification of China in the Western Jin Dynasty, the country was prosperous and the national debt was rich. So in addition to the old money of the Han nationality, you should have your own money today. It is not easy to consider Thai baht in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
The ethnic minorities in the rebellion of the Eight Kings in the Western Jin Dynasty were named San Zhuqian.
The head of the bar, Liu, the first king in the history of China, voted "Han Xing" in Sichuan. /& gt； After Schleswig replaced Xiongnu, the former King of Zhao and Zhao were established, which were famous in history for casting rich commodities.
Cooling railway castings to make new springs.
In the Southern Han Dynasty, the old five-baht felling had some money, and the resentment and personal interests were thrown out of the cloud. Song Wendi Yuanjia seven years (AD 430), invested four baht. The price difference is very small, and then it is changed to four baht. This spring, Wen Qianfei's figure is beautiful like an elegant dance sleeve. In 465 AD, he also voted for Yong Guang, and changed to Yuanhe. A few months later, he voted for the king. Secondly, money is very rare for survival in this world.
The five-baht wheel female model behind the casting wheel of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Emperor Yuan of Liang moved the capital to Jiangling, taking the tenth time "Five baht changed the Pacific Ocean to five baht in the second year of Emperor Liang" as the twentieth time. Whether it is still scarce, Chen can resist a little money to cast five baht pits, many pairs 10. Chen's "Actor Boss" and the magnificent and spring-symmetrical seal script ranked first in the wonderful South Spring Championship. Yong 'an Five-baht, Casting, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Zhou Titanium Jinyong Tongzhou, Five Elements Dabuquan, and Three Springs are often referred to as "Northern Zhou with three products for exquisite calligraphy, and after Wang Mang's heyday, another coin was cast.
nummulary
Emperor Wen's Sui, Tang and Sui v. Thai baht are all unified legal tender, with five words and five Thai baht as common words and samples.
Those who lost money early ordered Tang Gaozu Wude to abolish the five-baht casting in Kaiyuan Bao Tong in the fourth year (AD 62 1), and I used the message currency from beginning to end.
Qian Wen, the symbol of Kaiyuan Bao Tong, was displayed by calligrapher Ou Yangxun, a generation of vigorous, calm and solemn characters.
In the Tang Dynasty, Bao Tong opened its century, and the investment bank's parity was stable. In the middle and late period, small businesses still celebrated his birthday with folk music and coins. There are not many wide editions of Yuan Luoma.
In Tang Gaozong (the first year of Ganfeng (AD 666)), extravagance and wisdom gradually increased, and the waterfall pit of Qianfeng Spring was rebuilt, which was opposed by 10 people. After one year, it was forced to stop casting, but the merchants refused, and it fell short. about
According to Oriental Zhushun Tian, Shi Zhifu, who rebelled this time, may have a lot of money. As the saying goes, keeping promises is "easy to get, difficult to find."
The economy of the Tang Dynasty was severely damaged in the Anshi Rebellion. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty, Tang Suzong Xinbao bamboo pole changed into ten for one, then five for three, and the last one died with Kaiyuan. Qian Wen began to cherish money. Since the late Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Su Zonggan casting in Qian Yuan, so it spread widely and its layout was very complicated.
In the calendar year cast in the Tang Dynasty (766-779 AD), Tang Dezong was built in the first year of medieval architecture (780-783 AD).
Er Quan often goes to Yuanbao in Dali, Xinjiang.
In five years (AD 845), Huichang reduced the number of temples in the world, and collected the money from the bronze vessels of the abandoned temples, and Yangzhou saved the money for Li, with the title "Family Word Yearbook". Therefore, in the specified state of the customized casting furnace, the guns tailored for the casting furnace are called back, and there are 23 existing figures, including Yi, Luo Changjing, Jing, Xiang, Lan, Yue, Li Pu, Qin Xing, Liang, Guan, Fu and Yong Guidan.
In the 11th year of Xian Tong, the mane of Tang Yi (AD 870), Guiyang prison hall threw salty energy as a mysterious treasure. "This spring will soon stop wasting, handed down and unearthed is very rare.
The development of currency history is commodity exchange. Shells from China, and even the original currency of the group, were found in a secret cultural cemetery in Qinghai Province, southeast coast of China. It is very common to find tombs of Shell Cayo culture, but stones, bones, shells and copper shells are also found, which reflects the degree of commodity exchange. Strictly speaking, the artificial casting of money started from the spring to unify the whole country with Taoism, Buddhism and Qin Shihuang, until China, the ancestor of single currency, was cast. Wang Mang carried out a retro reform and once resumed using knives and coins, but the time was too short. Qian Wen, until the reform of the Republic of China, the East Timor issue, and King Wang Zhaoxing, changed under different conditions. The size of a coin is unbalanced, but the round currency in the side hole continues to increase. Many ancient coins handed down today came out when a batch of ancient coins were unearthed. The use of commodity economy is the development of feudal society in China, and the other child is a friend after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Paper money was officially issued in Yuan Dynasty, and continued to be issued in Ming and Qing Dynasties. People's commodity exchange and economic exchange are square-hole round banknotes. 1958, and actively discovered more than 400 yuan of farmland in Golmud Farm Plain. In the first year of the Act, the quantity and preservation of many varieties were rare in China. 1956 The infrastructure project of the dining hall in Huangmiao Street (now Jiefang Road) in Xining City found that there were 76 traffic passages in Central Asia in the 5th and 6th centuries. Persian silver coins are round, about 2.5 cm in diameter and 3.8 g in weight. The front portrait of the king, the king's silver is divided into two different styles: A and B. A new crown, crown-shaped battlements are decorated after the strip steel is finished to send the vigilance behind the two floating spheres related to the spherical chandelier, and his face is close to the shoulders on both sides and behind the crown. Bowl, carved by women on the line KADIPIRVCI (created in Stripping, Sri Lanka) B-main crown, crowned on the front and rear wing-like objects, on a pair of wings. On the surface, then the ribbon at the top of the crown floats on the shoulders of the relative objects. The police said that the patterns on the back of Type A and Type B are the same. Generally, it is the Zoroastrian altar of Sassanian dynasty, and the flame reaches the silver five-pointed star and the crescent moon, and there are flames on both altars. Sacrifice at an altar opposite each other. Many inscriptions say that the casting position is the pool. Unearthed from Huangmiao Street in Xining City. The time when Luz was stripped from Bossasan dynasty (equivalent to the north and south of China).
The tool of currency circulation right in Tang Dynasty was the general guiding ideology of the ruling class. The government monopolized the management, casting and distribution rights of currency, while the authoritative countries did not allow private capitalists. In the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734), the Tang Dynasty accommodated the China of Jiuling, so it was privately erected. Made it? The result of the discussion. "* * * green tube group, suggestions. Li, Pei Yaoqing, Xiao Gui and others believe that since the establishment of the coin right, adultery and abuse are absolutely forbidden. However, I am afraid that the villain will sacrifice the fame and fortune of the farmers, and it will be inconvenient to abuse the Director-General of Ann. Liu Pinji's spring loan system expounds the right of mint to live, not to fake. Later, the land loan clearly emphasized that the currency Liquan National Guard Palace could not be used in any future. Some people think that the "sincerity" on the vest should be determined when Greece planted copper, and the state will cut it. The rights and disadvantages of private casting with benign short and vertical movement are in Zhang Jiuling, but it has not been realized that the guiding ideology that the production right and authority of currency casting are the state is very clear.
The origin (evolution) of money
Coin is the earliest commodity exchange in human scope, but we didn't realize the importance of money. At the same time, the distributed human civilization, the development of productive forces and the increasingly frequent social division of labor, the insurmountable commodity-commodity exchange and application became more and more extensive. This is something that replaces the market by ourselves. We are all willing to receive goods and what they need, and then exchange them with this goods, thus becoming a commercial transaction for social development. China, the ancestor of a simple metal smelting supplier, mastered the technology. Some practical measures were small in shape and volume, but they also created bronze block metal coins (Shang tombs discovered by some archaeologists, coins in the early Shang Dynasty).
Before the unification of Qin Dynasty, in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, people's living environment and living environment, after a period of indefinite coinage, the creator of its main production tool, the coin-shaped rotating square hole, was opened, and investment banks soon. Coin currency has been devalued continuously due to tyranny and huge military expenditure, and its weight is lighter. Qin Shihuang unified the whole country. Before he joined the Party, Qian Zu's China ancient style single currency, and Wang Mang's retro reorganization restored the Daobu currency once, but it was too short-lived. It was not until Wang Zhaoxing, the chronicler of the political reform, that coins with different letters were issued in different weights and sizes, all of which were Qian Wen, but the round money in the square hole remained undiminished. Commodity economy is the development of feudal society in China. In the Tang Dynasty, friends in the Song Dynasty followed one after another, and in the Yuan Dynasty, gauze paper was officially published. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, paper money will continue to be issued, but in the exchange of folk goods and economy, money is still square and round. Br > Money has a history of more than 1000 years, and people in contemporary economic life cannot do without it. Zhao, a coin collector and researcher in Datong and Shanxi, said that people have long believed that money exists.