The Twelfth Five-Year Plan clearly proposes to participate in the new round of revision of international financial standards and improve the sound standards of China's financial industry. 20 10 12 16. The Basel Committee issued the third edition of the Basel Accord (Basel
III), and require member economies to complete the formulation and revision of corresponding regulatory laws and regulations within two years, implement new regulatory standards from 20 13 10, and fully meet the standards before 20 19 10. Basel III establishes a new financial supervision mode combining micro-prudential and macro-prudential, greatly improves the capital supervision requirements of commercial banks, and establishes a global consistent quantitative standard for liquidity supervision, which will have a far-reaching impact on the business model of commercial banks, the stability of the banking system and even the implementation of the macro-economy. In order to promote the implementation of new international regulatory standards in China's banking industry and enhance the stability of the banking system and the international competitiveness of domestic banks, this guidance is formulated.
I. Overall objectives and guiding principles
(A) the overall goal
Drawing lessons from the achievements of international financial supervision reform, according to the reform and development of domestic banking industry and the actual supervision, we will build a banking supervision framework that is future-oriented, in line with national conditions and in line with international standards, promote the implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" for the banking industry, further deepen the reform, change the development mode, improve the quality of development, enhance the stability and competitiveness of the banking industry, and support the stable, balanced and sustainable growth of the national economy.
(2) Guiding principles
1. Based on the actual situation of domestic banking industry and drawing lessons from the achievements of international financial supervision reform, improve the prudential supervision standards of banking industry. Based on the reality of China's banking reform and development, we should adhere to effective supervision practice, learn from Basel III, improve the robust standards of China's banking industry, and build a set of institutional arrangements for prudential supervision to maintain the long-term stable operation of the banking system.
2. Macro prudential supervision and micro prudential supervision are organically combined. Considering China's economic cycle and the overall development trend of financial markets, we should scientifically design regulatory standards such as capital adequacy ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity and loan loss provision, reasonably determine regulatory requirements, reflect prudential regulatory requirements based on a countercyclical macro perspective, and fully reflect the individual risks and systemic risks faced by banking financial institutions.
3. The unity of regulatory standards and the flexibility of regulatory practice are combined. In order to ensure the fairness of banking competition, we should uniformly set the regulatory standards applicable to all kinds of banking financial institutions, at the same time appropriately raise the regulatory standards for systemically important banks, and set differentiated transition arrangements according to the situation of different institutions to ensure the smooth transition of all kinds of banking financial institutions to the new regulatory standards.
4. Support sustained economic growth and maintain the stability of the banking system. The banking system is the main channel of China's financing system. During the transition period, the regulatory authorities will pay close attention to the micro-impact of the implementation of the new regulatory standards on banking financial institutions and the macro-impact on the real economy, comprehensively evaluate the costs and benefits, and strengthen policy coordination with relevant departments to avoid the possible negative impact of the implementation of the new regulatory standards on credit supply and economic development.
Second, improve the prudential supervision standards of the banking industry.
According to the new standards of bank capital and liquidity supervision determined by Basel III, on the basis of comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of the existing prudential supervision system, we will improve the supervision standards such as capital adequacy ratio, leverage ratio, liquidity and loan loss provision, establish a more forward-looking and organically unified prudential supervision system arrangement, and enhance the anti-risk ability of banking financial institutions. ?
(A) to strengthen the supervision of capital adequacy ratio
1. Improve the calculation method of capital adequacy ratio. First, strictly define capital and improve the loss absorption capacity of regulatory capital. Revise the regulatory capital from the current two-level classification (tier 1 capital and tier 2 capital) to three-level classification, namely, core tier 1 capital, other tier 1 capital and tier 2 capital; Strictly implement the deduction provisions of core tier 1 capital and improve the loss absorption capacity of capital instruments. The second is to optimize the calculation method of risk-weighted assets and expand the risk scope of capital coverage. Adopting differentiated credit risk weight method to promote banking financial institutions to improve their credit risk management ability; Clarify the capital requirements of operational risks; Improve the risk weight of complex financial instruments such as transactional business, asset securitization business and OTC derivatives trading. ?
2. Improve the regulatory requirements for capital adequacy ratio. Adjust the current two minimum capital adequacy requirements (the ratio of tier-one capital and total capital to risk assets is not less than 4% and 8% respectively) to three levels of capital adequacy requirements: First, clarify the three minimum capital adequacy requirements, namely, the core tier-one capital adequacy ratio, tier-one capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy ratio are not less than 5%, 6% and 8% respectively. The second is to introduce a countercyclical capital supervision framework, including: 2.5% retained excess capital and 0-2.5% countercyclical excess capital. The third is to increase the additional capital requirement of systemically important banks, which is tentatively set at 1%. After the implementation of the new standard, under normal circumstances, the capital adequacy ratios of systemically important banks and non-systemically important banks are not less than 1 1.5% and10.5% respectively; If there is systematic excessive credit growth, commercial banks need to accrue countercyclical excess capital. ?
3. Establish regulatory standards for leverage ratio. Introduce the regulatory standard of leverage ratio, that is, the ratio of tier-one capital to the adjusted balance of off-balance-sheet assets is not less than 4%, make up for the insufficient capital adequacy ratio, and control the accumulation of leverage ratio of banking financial institutions and banking system.
4. Reasonably arrange the transition period. The new capital supervision standard will be implemented from 2065438+2002 65438+ 10/,and systemically important banks and non-systemically important banks should reach the new capital supervision standard before the end of 20 1 3 and 20 16 respectively. After the transition period, all banks should disclose their capital adequacy ratio and leverage ratio according to the new regulatory standards. ?
(2) Improve liquidity risk supervision.
1. Establish a multi-dimensional liquidity risk supervision standard and monitoring index system. Establish a number of liquidity risk monitoring indicators, such as liquidity coverage ratio, net stable financing ratio, liquidity ratio, loan-to-deposit ratio, dependence on core liabilities, liquidity gap ratio, customer deposit concentration, interbank liabilities concentration, etc., in which the ratio of liquidity coverage ratio and net stable financing shall not be less than 65,438+000%. At the same time, promote banking financial institutions to establish a multi-scenario, multi-method, multi-currency and multi-time span internal monitoring index system for liquidity risk.
2. Guide banking financial institutions to strengthen liquidity risk management. Further clarify the prudential supervision requirements of liquidity risk management of banking financial institutions, improve the level of refinement and specialization of liquidity risk management, strictly supervise and inspect measures, correct rash behavior, urge commercial banks to reasonably match the term structure of assets and liabilities, and enhance the ability of the banking system to cope with liquidity pressure shocks. ?
3. Reasonably arrange the transition period. The new liquidity risk supervision standard and monitoring index system have been implemented in 2065,438+02,65,438+0 10. Liquidity coverage ratio and net stable financing ratio will be observed for two years and five years respectively. Banking financial institutions should meet the regulatory requirements of liquidity coverage ratio and net stable financing ratio before the end of 2065,438+03 and 2065,438+06 respectively.
(C) to strengthen the supervision of loan loss reserve
1. Establish supervision standards for loan provision ratio and provision coverage ratio. The loan provision ratio (the ratio of loan loss provision to loans) is not less than 2.5%, and the provision coverage ratio (the ratio of loan loss provision to non-performing loans) is not less than 150%. In principle, the regulatory requirements for loan loss reserve of banking financial institutions are determined according to the higher method.
2. Establish a system of dynamically adjusting loan loss reserve. According to the different stages of economic development and the differences in loan quality and profitability of banking financial institutions, the regulatory requirements for loan loss reserve are dynamically and differentially adjusted: according to the loan write-off, the requirements for loan loss reserve are appropriately increased in the economic upswing and appropriately reduced in the economic downturn; According to the loan quality and profitability of a single banking financial institution, the loan loss reserve requirements are appropriately adjusted. ?
3. Transitional arrangements. The new standards have been implemented since 20 12 10, and systemically important banks should meet the standards before the end of 20 13. For non-systemically important banks, the regulatory authorities will set differentiated transitional arrangements to encourage them to meet the standards in advance: banking financial institutions with strong profitability and less loan loss reserves should meet the standards before the end of 20 16; Individual banking financial institutions with low profitability and large loan loss reserves should meet the standards before the end of 20 18. ?
Third, enhance the effectiveness of systemically important banking supervision.
The regulatory authorities will strengthen the supervision of systemically important banks in terms of market access, prudential supervision standards, continuous supervision and supervision cooperation according to the business model and supervision practice of large domestic banks.
1. Clarify the definition of systemically important bank. The evaluation of domestic systemically important banks mainly considers four factors: scale, relevance, complexity and substitutability, and the regulatory authorities will establish the evaluation methodology and continuous evaluation framework of systemically important banks.
2. Maintain the firewall layout and improve the prior access supervision. In order to prevent the business model of systemically important banks from being too complicated and reduce the spread of risks in different financial markets, we continue to adopt structural restrictive supervision measures: First, we will maintain the firewall between the existing banking system and the capital market, between banks and controlling shareholders, and between banks and subsidiaries to prevent cross-border and cross-industry spread of risks. Second, strictly restrict banking financial institutions from engaging in complex and highly leveraged trading business to avoid taking excessive risks. The third is to prudently promote the comprehensive management pilot. A formal post-evaluation system will be established for banks that carry out comprehensive operation pilot projects. For banks that fail to reach the average profit level of their industry within a reasonable period of time, the regulatory authorities will require them to withdraw from the industry.
3. Improve prudential supervision requirements. In addition to additional capital requirements, the regulatory authorities will also put forward higher prudential supervision requirements for systemically important banks as appropriate to enhance their ability to cope with external shocks. First, systemically important banks are required to issue self-help bonds to improve their ability to absorb losses. The second is to improve liquidity supervision requirements. The third is to further tighten the restrictions on large-scale risk exposure and moderately reduce the proportion of loans made by systemically important banks to single borrowers and group customers to net capital. The fourth is to improve the regulatory standards of consolidated risk management at the group level, including risk preference setting at the group level, unified risk management policies, information management system construction, intra-group transactions, etc. ?
4. Strengthen continuous supervision. First, the supervision resources are inclined to systemically important banks, giving front-line supervisors broader powers, strengthening supervision over the decision-making process and implementation process of systemically important banks, identifying risks as soon as possible and taking intervention measures. Second, enrich and expand the suite off-site supervision system, improve the risk supervision and evaluation framework of systemically important banks, and timely warn, effectively identify and quickly dispose of risks. The third is to further enhance the precision strike capability of on-site inspection of systemically important banks, urge systemically important banks to strengthen corporate governance and risk management, and prevent and correct unsafe and unstable business practices. Fourth, combining functional supervision with institutional supervision, and adopting supervision means such as product analysis, model verification, stress testing and peer evaluation to ensure that supervision technology can adapt to the increasingly complex trend of systemically important banking business and organization. Fifth, guide and supervise systemically important banks to formulate recovery and disposal plans and crisis management plans to enhance their self-protection capabilities. ?
5. Strengthen supervision and cooperation. In terms of cross-border cooperation, we will establish an assessment mechanism for the regulatory capacity of overseas regulatory authorities, improve the joint meeting mechanism for banking supervision of important cross-border operating systems, improve the quality of information exchange, and strengthen cooperation in market access, off-site supervision, on-site inspection and crisis management. In terms of cross-industry cooperation, under the unified leadership of the State Council, the regulatory authorities will strengthen coordination and cooperation with the People's Bank of China, securities regulatory authorities and insurance regulatory authorities, build a "seamless" financial regulatory system, and improve the risk assessment of non-banking business of banking groups. ?
Four. Further promote the implementation of the New Capital Accord.
Scientific measurement and evaluation of capital and risk-weighted assets is the basis for implementing the new regulatory standards. Banking financial institutions should constantly strengthen risk management in terms of corporate governance, policy processes, risk measurement, databases and information technology systems in accordance with the overall requirements of "the New Capital Accord and the Basel Accord are promoted simultaneously, and the first pillar and the second pillar are considered as a whole". 20 1 1 The regulatory authorities will revise the Measures for the Administration of Capital Adequacy Ratio. Banking financial institutions should accurately measure regulatory capital requirements according to the relevant methods established in the new Measures for the Administration of Capital Adequacy Ratio, covering all kinds of risks in an all-round way; At the same time, build a comprehensive risk management framework, improve the internal capital evaluation procedures, and consolidate the micro-foundation for the steady implementation of the banking industry.
For banking financial institutions whose asset scale, internationalization activity and business complexity reach a certain level, the advanced capital measurement method in the New Capital Accord should be implemented according to the new regulatory requirements. At present, the first batch of implementing banks that have completed a round of pre-assessment should actively rectify the main problems existing in the implementation of the first pillar, actively promote the construction of the second pillar and the third pillar, and apply for formal implementation as soon as possible. Other banking financial institutions that should implement high-level methods or voluntarily according to regulatory requirements should strengthen communication with regulatory authorities and formulate implementation plans as soon as possible.
For other banking financial institutions that have not implemented the high-level capital measurement method, from the end of 20 1 1, on the basis of the existing credit risk capital measurement, the regulatory capital requirements for market risk and operational risk will be measured by the standard methods required by the new capital adequacy ratio management measures; In accordance with the relevant requirements of the second pillar, we will promptly establish internal capital adequacy assessment procedures, identify, assess, monitor and report all kinds of major risks, ensure that the capital level is compatible with the risk situation and management ability, and ensure that the capital planning is compatible with the bank's operating conditions, risk trends and long-term development strategies. Before the end of 20 16, all banking financial institutions shall establish a comprehensive risk management framework and an internal capital adequacy ratio evaluation plan that are suitable for the scale and business complexity of the Bank.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) job requirements
The implementation of the new regulatory standards is a long-term systematic project, which concerns the whole region. Banking financial institutions should accurately understand the essence of the new regulatory standards, fully understand the significance of implementing the new regulatory standards, strengthen cooperation, and actively and steadily make all preparations for implementing the new regulatory standards.
(1) Formulating supporting regulatory laws and regulations.
In order to ensure the timely implementation of the new regulatory standards, in 20 1 1 year, the regulatory authorities will revise and improve the Measures for the Administration of Capital Adequacy Ratio of Commercial Banks, liquidity risk supervision, systemically important bank supervision and other related policies to lay the foundation for the implementation of the new regulatory standards. At the same time, vigorously carry out the training and publicity of the new regulatory standards, and carry out the training of supervisors at all levels and middle and senior managers of banking financial institutions in stages, so as to create a good public opinion environment and a broad talent base for the implementation of the new regulatory standards.
(B) to strengthen organizational leadership
The board of directors and senior management of banking financial institutions should attach great importance to the implementation of the new regulatory standards, set up a leading group for the implementation of the new regulatory standards as soon as possible, make overall plans and coordinate the implementation of the new regulatory standards, and ensure the orderly and steady progress of all work. The board of directors is responsible for the implementation planning of the new regulatory standards and the examination and approval of relevant major policies, regularly listening to reports from senior management and supervising the implementation preparations; The senior management is responsible for formulating and organizing the implementation of new regulatory standards.
(three) to develop a practical implementation plan
Banking financial institutions shall, in accordance with these guidelines, comprehensively carry out gap analysis and formulate feasible implementation plans for new regulatory standards. The implementation plan shall at least include: asset growth plan, asset structure adjustment plan, profitability plan, risk-weighted asset calculation method for various risks, capital replenishment plan, liquidity source, loan loss reserve replenishment plan, compliance progress and phased objectives of various regulatory indicators. Banking financial institutions shall complete the implementation plan before the end of 20 1 1 and report it to the regulatory authorities for the record.
(4) Adjust the development strategy and actively promote business transformation.
Seeking business transformation is not only the inherent requirement for banking financial institutions to continuously meet the new regulatory standards, but also the only way to improve the quality of development in an increasingly complex business environment. Banking financial institutions should effectively change the extensional development model of scale expansion and take the road of connotative growth of quality improvement. Under the premise of adhering to the traditional business model, banking financial institutions should work hard on the breadth and depth of credit business to improve the efficiency of financial services and credit quality. First, adjust the business structure, formulate medium and long-term credit development strategies, actively adjust the credit customer structure, industry structure and regional structure, and realize the sustainable development of credit business. Second, strengthen management, improve risk management policies and processes, and improve the risk balance mechanism by continuously optimizing risk measurement tools, so as to truly improve the quality of growth. The third is innovative services. Actively develop online banking, telephone banking, credit cards and other channels to expand business, expand the coverage of financial services, provide stable capital guarantee for asset business, reduce operating costs and expand income sources.
(5) Continuously improve risk management.
All banking financial institutions should strengthen the construction of risk management infrastructure and improve their risk management capabilities in light of their own operating characteristics. First, improve the organizational structure of risk governance, and further clarify the roles and functions of the board of directors, senior management, chief risk officer, risk management department and related business lines. The second is to strengthen the data base, and effectively solve the long-standing problems of data shortage and low quality in domestic banking financial institutions by implementing new regulatory standards. Third, actively develop and popularize new risk measurement tools to improve risk identification ability and risk measurement accuracy. Fourth, strengthen the construction of information technology system to lay a foundation for the formulation and implementation of risk policies and the application and optimization of risk measurement tools. Fifth, strengthen internal control and internal audit functions, strengthen cooperation with external audit, and promote the construction of internal checks and balances mechanism. Sixth, improve the incentive assessment mechanism and establish a "risk-benefit" balanced performance assessment and salary system. Banking financial institutions should attach great importance to the outstanding risks they face, including potential major credit risks such as local financing platforms, real estate loans and economic restructuring, actively explore a risk management model that combines systemic risks with individual risks, and establish and improve capital evaluation procedures on this basis to ensure adequate capital coverage. (Related report recommendation: the special consultation report of Forward-looking Industry Research Institute on the Impact, Challenges and Countermeasures of Internet Finance on Banking Industry)
20 15 what is the development status of China spring machine industry? The technical accumulation of spring machine has gradually matured, and various equipment manufacturers have set up their own professional R&D departments, and even cooperated with some professional university research institutes to develop the latest equipment in the field of wire forming.
For example, the combination of the latest technology and the latest control technology of WAFIOS, the boss of German spring machine, has reached an unparalleled level. The unique operation control system and exclusive patent structure of the device can be called Mercedes S600 or BMW 7 Series in the spring machine. In Japan, companies represented by MEC and ITAYA have improved the accuracy of equipment to a new standard, and developed many special auxiliary equipment on their own equipment, which is flexible and convenient to use.
What is the development status of ecological poultry industry now? Hello, I use my own observation experience to answer your question.
With the development of agricultural modernization, the national grain has been greatly developed, and the traditional poultry breeding has been replaced by a new concept-ecological poultry breeding. Ecological poultry is more nutritious, healthier and more delicious than ordinary feed poultry! However, the growth cycle of poultry is longer, and it only takes 90 days for feed culture and at least 180 days for ecology. It can be seen that the cost will be higher, so the price will be higher. Fortunately, I saw the ecological poultry breeding base in Yongxiu County, Jiangxi Province. Its breeding conditions are very favorable. It is located between Yunju Mountain and the West Sea of Lushan Mountain. The ecological conditions are unique. Chickens and ducks are kept in the forest, and chickens sleep in trees at night. This breeding base can be regarded as the epitome of domestic poultry breeding. This breeding base is an alliance of seven or eight local families, the full name of which is the New Cloud Sea Original Ecological Breeding Alliance. In order to meet the needs of the market and the environment, it is impossible to fight alone, so we should hold a group to keep warm. Therefore, the domestic industry status can be said to be booming. But the ecological poultry sold in the society are mixed, not all of them are true. So this has also affected this industry to a certain extent. To be sure, the original ecological poultry is generally not less than that in 70 yuan, and is generally more than 100 yuan. I think this is a kind of popularization.
At present, the development status of CCB's e-banking business is how to promote the main channel strategy of e-banking, and finally build e-banking into a comprehensive network financial service platform with the best customer experience, which is an inevitable choice for building a world-class bank and promoting the modernization of the financial system. Since 15, CCB has innovatively built e-banking service channels, including Internet website, personal online banking, enterprise online banking, mobile banking, SMS banking, telephone banking and "good financial services", paving the way for the bank's reform, development and strategic transformation.
Development Status of Agricultural Bank As a big agricultural country, the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers in China are always important issues related to national economic and social development and modernization. China has a population of1300 million, of which more than 900 million are farmers. Only by vigorously developing the rural economy and allowing farmers to live a comfortable life can we continuously expand domestic demand and promote the sustainable development of the national economy. The core of the three rural issues is to increase farmers' income, and its realization must rely on the strong support of rural finance. With the increasing influence of the market on rural areas in China, the reform process of rural economic system in China is also deepening. Agriculture and rural economy have entered a comprehensive transition period, and the trend of rural urbanization and rural industrialization is very obvious. At present, the financial needs of the vast majority of rural farmers in China are mainly in terms of deposits and loans, but the rural areas are constrained by many aspects in the process of capital integration.
The restriction of Agricultural Bank in rural development comes from many aspects. First, in the use of funds, farmers tend to choose a single time deposit and lack the awareness of diversified investment. Farmers know too little about financial management, funds and futures. Even think that the latter is a kind of risk "deposit", which will only reduce funds, not increase them. This is farmers' misunderstanding of financial products, and it is also a manifestation of lack of financial knowledge. Second, in terms of payment, first, the level of rural marketization is low, farmers' market awareness is low, they are insensitive to the market, and it is difficult to bear high-cost commercial financing. Agriculture is a weak industry with low ability to resist risks. China's agricultural industrialization level is low, and the traditional agricultural production structure is single, so it is difficult to form a certain production scale. Operating efficiency is generally lower than other industries, and operating risks are high. Due to the low degree of monetization of rural economy, the information of farmers' economic activities can not be reflected in the market, and the rural credit system is not perfect, which leads to serious information asymmetry between farmers and financial institutions, making it difficult for financial institutions to grasp the true credit status of loan applicants and increasing the credit risk of financial institutions. Secondly, at present, most rural areas in China are still in the stage of decentralized management and low degree of organization. As a basic production unit, the number of farmers is large, the production scale is small and the information is poor, which determines that farmers' loans are "small, scattered and numerous". First, under the condition of decentralized management, farmers' loan demand is mostly small loans. In addition, providing loans to farmers requires a wide range of business outlets and sufficient credit personnel. Finally, with the deepening of agricultural and rural structural adjustment, the use of farmers' loans has also shown a diversified trend. In addition to housing, children's schooling, medical treatment, weddings and funerals, the demand for productive funds is rising, and farmers' demand for small loans is increasing. The above characteristics of farmers' loans determine that the cost of financial institutions providing loans to farmers is higher. On the one hand, providing loans to farmers requires financial institutions to have sufficient business coverage, set up more business outlets and equip them with enough credit salesmen, which greatly increases the operating costs of financial institutions. On the other hand, under the condition that the construction of rural credit system is not perfect, the scattered distribution of farmers will increase the information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. In order to prevent moral hazard, financial institutions need to pay higher supervision fees and contract execution costs, which greatly increases the cost of financial institutions lending to farmers.
What is the development status of patent trading industry? The fierce competition and uneven quality of domestic patents have brought great difficulties to the transaction.
Summarize the development status of surveying and mapping industry and the application of modern industry? The analysis report of Prospective Industry Research Institute's "Market Prospect and Development Plan of China Engineering Surveying and Mapping Industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan" points out that since 1980s, with the emergence and development of GPS positioning technology, surveying and mapping positioning technology has also undergone revolutionary changes, providing new technical means and methods for engineering survey. For a long time, the conventional ground positioning technology based on angle measurement, ranging and leveling has been gradually replaced by high-speed, efficient and high-precision GPS technology, and the positioning range has expanded from land and offshore to ocean and space. The positioning mode is changed from static expansion package to dynamic; The field of location service has expanded from navigation and mapping to the broad field of national economic construction. Especially in recent years, the establishment of CORS has greatly facilitated the use of GPS positioning technology.
At present, surveying and mapping has completed the transformation from manual simulation to digital production system, and has become an important basic part of the construction of urban information port. It will face the whole society and provide basic geographic information services in time, which is of great social significance and responsibility.
What is the development status of kitchen utensils such as induction cookers and rice cookers? Since 1980s, in just over 20 years' development, kitchenware industry has become a sunrise industry, and entered a qualitative change stage from rapid growth to gradual maturity.
The population of China is about 654.38+300 million. As a household necessity, kitchenware has a huge market space. In recent years, the sales of China kitchenware market is increasing at a rate of 35%.
In 2006, the total industrial output value of all domestic kitchen appliances manufacturers above designated size reached 7 1 223.029 million yuan, an increase of 27.7 1% over the same period in 2005. In the whole year, the product sales revenue was 66,504,844,000 yuan, an increase of 2 1.6 1% over the same period of 2005. By the end of February 2006, there were 489 enterprises above designated size in the whole industry.
In 2007, the total industrial output value of all domestic kitchen appliances manufacturers above designated size reached11075322,000 yuan, an increase of 33.88% over the same period in 2006. In 20071-February, the accumulated product sales revenue was10,060,189,000 yuan, an increase of 26. 12% over the same period in 2006, and the accumulated profit was/kloc in 20071-February. By the end of February 2007, there were 528 enterprises above designated size in the whole industry.
From June 5438 to/kloc-0 to October 65438, 2008, all domestic kitchen appliances manufacturers above designated size achieved a total industrial output value of11075322,000 yuan, an increase of 33.88% over the same period in 2007.
In recent years, there have been some new development trends in China kitchenware industry:
The development of information technology brings opportunities and challenges to enterprises. As far as opportunities are concerned, information technology helps to optimize business processes, reduce management costs and gain an advantage in competition. And those enterprises that can't use information technology to improve their processes are obviously at a disadvantage in the competition.
The product structure has evolved towards beauty, fashion, environmental protection and low energy consumption. Low value-added products must continue to withstand the impact of the same industry in China and deeper competition.
Circulation channels are brewing changes. With the rise of home appliance chain industry in recent years, it has become an important sales channel for home appliance industry. However, due to the high entry cost and operating cost of home appliance chain stores, some manufacturers are looking for other ways, such as entering the building materials city and the whole kitchen exhibition hall.
2009-20 12 China Kitchenware Industry Investment Consultant Investment Analysis and Prospect Forecast Report.
The role of CBRC in banking supervision and management, and how bank executives cooperate with supervision in their work to supervise other financial institutions other than the People's Bank of China.
The staff of the China Banking Regulatory Commission are also people like us. Knowledge is just a bank supervisor, look at indicators and figures. Therefore, we should give them active cooperation and support in their work. First, don't deliberately avoid the problems that have been noticed; Second, be humble, respect others, and respect yourself, so as to gain the respect of the other party and facilitate communication; Third, pay attention to their personalities and hobbies. Banking supervision is very professional. Some people like simplicity, so don't be wordy. Some people pay attention to etiquette and don't fall into the routine; Some people don't like drinking, so don't drink too much, let alone persuade them. In short, you should give the impression that you are honest, capable and polite, and communication will be much better.
Can you elaborate on the development status of the integrated circuit industry? Below 22 nanometers, close to the physical limit, Moore's law no longer applies, the so-called post-Moore era.