In the international freight business, we must first find out which party should pay the freight for each segment according to the contract between the two parties to the transaction. If it is FOB or ex-factory price of import business, try to find a freight forwarder (mainly an agent with close business cooperation in the other city or country), and then entrust the other party with full assistance. Then, the following is the international freight transportation mode I have arranged for you. Welcome to read and browse.
Regular route
The flight is to set sail at the specified time, set the route, set the starting station, set the destination port and set the plane that stops. General airlines use mixed passenger and cargo carriers. On the one hand, it carries passengers, on the other hand, it transports a small amount of goods. However, some large airlines operate scheduled cargo flights in some airlines and use all freight carriers for transportation.
Characteristics of air transportation:
Fixed route flights; There are fixed ports of call and scheduled flights, so the international circulation of goods is mostly transported by air, which can reach all the space places in the world safely and quickly.
It is convenient for the consignee and consignor to know the departure and arrival time of the goods accurately, which is very beneficial to the transportation of urgently needed goods, fresh and perishable goods and valuable goods in the market.
Air transport is usually a mixed transport of passengers and goods. Therefore, the space is limited, so that large quantities of goods can not be shipped in time, and often need to be transported by stages and batches. This is the shortage of flight transportation.
The modes of charter transportation can be divided into two categories: full charter and partial charter.
1. Integral packaging machine
That is, charter flight means that the airline rents the whole plane to the charterer according to the conditions and expenses agreed with the charterer in advance, and transports the goods from one or several airports to the destination.
In general, the charterer should contact the airline one month before the shipment of the goods, so that the airline can arrange transportation, apply to the take-off and landing airport and relevant government departments, and go through the relevant formalities of transit or entry.
Charter fee: one thing and one discussion, which varies with the supply and demand situation in the international market. In principle, the charter freight is charged at a fixed rate per flight kilometer, and the air release is charged at 80% of the cost per flight kilometer. Therefore, the use of charter flights for large quantities of goods requires all goods to be transported back and forth, so the cost is relatively low. Only one way is used, and the freight is relatively high.
2. Some charter flights
(1) Several air freight companies or shippers jointly charter an airplane, or airlines sell the space of an airplane to several air freight companies to load goods. It's just a partial charter flight. It is suitable for cabin simulation of less than one whole plane. But the quantity is very heavy.
(2) Comparison of some charter flights and flights.
The time is longer than the flight. Although some charter flights have fixed schedules, they often cannot take off on time for other reasons.
In order to protect the interests of domestic airlines, governments often impose various restrictions on foreign airlines engaged in charter flights. If the scope of charter flights is narrow, the landing place will be limited. If you need to land in other places than the designated place, you must apply to the relevant departments of the local government and get permission before landing (such as applying for entry, airspace and landing place).
(3) Advantages of charter flights
① Solve the contradiction of insufficient flight seats.
(2) all the goods are shipped by charter, saving time and the procedure of multiple deliveries.
(3) Make up for the shortage of direct flights without transit.
(4) Reduce cargo damage, cargo difference or cargo damage.
⑤ Relieve the flight tension in the peak season of air transportation.
③ Solve the transportation problem of seafood and live animals.
Merger (consolidation)
1. The concept of centralized consignment
The practice of combining multiple tickets shipped separately and sent to the same direction into one ticket, filling out a master waybill and sending it to the same station.
2. Specific practices of centralized consignment
(1) Make an air waybill for each air ticket, that is, issue a freight forwarder's air waybill (house air waybill).
(2) All goods are concentrated in the same countries and cities in different directions, and the airline's main air waybill is formulated. The consignor and consignee of the general waybill are both air freight forwarding companies.
(3) Print out the manifest under the general waybill, that is, there are several sub-waybills in the general waybill, and what are their numbers, including the number of pieces, weight and so on.
(4) Give the general waybill and freight list to the airline as a whole ticket. According to the specific circumstances of the goods, the main waybill may be accompanied by a sub-waybill (or one or more sub-waybills). For example, a MAWB has 10 hawbs, which means that there are 10 tickets in this general waybill, which are sent to 10 different consignees respectively.
(5) After the goods arrive at the destination airport, the local freight forwarding company, as the consignee of the general waybill, is responsible for receiving and distributing the goods, making their own customs declaration documents according to different sub-waybills, and handling relevant customs clearance matters for the actual consignee. The shipper handles matters related to receiving and delivering goods.
(6) After the actual consignee signs the sub-waybill, the freight forwarding company at the destination station will feed back the arrival information to the freight forwarding company that delivered the goods.
3. Restrictions on centralized consignment
(1) Centralized consignment is only applicable to ordinary goods, not to goods with different freight rates, such as valuables, dangerous goods, live animals and cultural relics.
(2) If the destination is the same or similar, it can be handled, such as a country or region, and others are not suitable. For example, goods destined for Japan cannot be sent to Europe.
4. The characteristics of centralized consignment
(1) saving freight: the centralized consignment freight rate of air freight companies is generally lower than that of aviation associations. Shippers can get lower freight rates than airlines, thus saving money.
(2) Convenience: Centralized consignment of goods can make the goods reach places other than the places where airlines arrive, which extends the services of airlines and facilitates shippers.
(3) Settlement of foreign exchange in advance: After the consignor delivers the goods to the air freight forwarder, he can obtain the sub-waybill, and he can go to the bank to settle foreign exchange as soon as possible with the sub-waybill.
Centralized consignment has been widely carried out in the world, forming a relatively complete and effective service system, which has played a good role in promoting the development of international trade and international scientific and cultural exchanges. Centralized consignment has become one of the main modes of transportation of import and export goods in China.
Intermodal transport mode
1. The concept of combined transportation mode
Land-air combined transport is a combined transport mode of trains, planes and trucks. TAT (train-air-truck) for short, or the combined mode of train and plane for short, TA (train-air) for short.
2. Multimodal transport mode of domestic export goods
China's export goods are usually transported by air and land. It is because China has a vast territory, and the international airports and ports mainly include Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Although provincial capitals and some big cities fly to Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou every day, the cargo carried by the flights is limited and the cost is relatively high. If you use domestic charter flights, the cost will be more expensive. Therefore, in the case of large freight volume, it is often transported to the airport by land and then connected with international flights. Because cars are flexible and can take the initiative in delivery time, the "TAT" mode is generally used to organize transportation.
3. The specific practices of Sinotrans Branch
At present, the Sinotrans branch south of the Yangtze River in China handles land-air combined transport by train, truck or ship, and then takes advantage of the conditions of many flights in Hong Kong and low freight rates in Europe and America (general goods) to transport the goods from Hong Kong to their destinations, or to transit places, and then transport them to their destinations by trucks through local agents. Companies north of the Yangtze River usually use trains or trucks to send goods to Beijing and Shanghai airports for shipment.
The consignee of Hong Kong's land-air combined cargo is Heli Air Transport Co., Ltd., so you should contact them in advance before delivery to meet their requirements for documents and facilitate booking in advance. When delivering goods all over the country, you can use the air waybill of Sinotrans Company or the "goods receipt". Relevant documents should be marked as re-export and stamped with the words "air transport and land transport" to speed up turnover and avoid taxation by the Hong Kong authorities.
International freight consignment
According to Article 5 (1) and (5) of Warsaw Convention, the waybill shall be filled out by the shipper or by the carrier or its agent. In fact, at present, the waybill is filled out by the carrier or its agent. Therefore, it is the basis for filling in the freight bill? The consignment note shall be filled in by the shipper himself and must be signed by the shipper.
The shipper's power of attorney is a form in which the shipper entrusts the carrier or its agent to fill in the air waybill. This form lists all the contents of the waybill to be filled in, and should print the written instructions authorizing the carrier or its agent to sign the waybill on its behalf.
The power of attorney includes the following columns:
1. The shipper shall fill in the shipper's full name, street name, city name, country name, and telephone number, telex number or fax number for easy contact.
2. The consignee shall fill in the consignee's full name, street name, city name, country name (especially different countries have the same city name) and telephone number, telex number or fax number. The words "according to the shipper's instructions" or "according to the shipper's instructions" should not be filled in this column, because the air waybill cannot be transferred.
3. departure airport fill in the full name of the departure airport.
4. Fill in the destination airport (if the name of the airport is unknown, fill in the name of the city). If a city name is used in more than one country, the country name should be added. For example: London, England, London, England; London, Kenda, USA; London, Ontario, Canada
5. Requested Route/Request Setting Reservation This column is used by airlines to arrange transportation routes, but it can also be filled in if the shipper has special requirements.
6. The declared value of transportation refers to the amount of the declared value of transportation, which is the carrier's liability limit. The carrier charges the shipper the declared value fee according to the relevant regulations. However, if the gross weight of the delivered goods does not exceed US$ 20 per kilogram (or its equivalent currency), it is not necessary to fill in the declared value amount, and "NVD" can be filled in this column. If this column is left blank, the carrier or his agent may regard the goods as undeclared value.
7. Customs The declared value of international goods is usually checked by the destination customs, and the customs levies taxes according to the amount filled in this column.
8. Insurance amount required: The air transport enterprise of China Civil Aviation has not yet started the international air transport insurance agency business, so this column can be left blank.
9. Handling information: Fill in additional handling requirements, such as: notify at the same time. If the shipper wishes to notify others other than the consignee when the goods arrive, please fill in the full name and address of the notifying person.
10. Documents Take the accommodation air waybill as the destination. Fill in the documents attached to the waybill and fill in the names of the attached documents, if the shipper proves that it is a live animal.
1 1. Number of pieces and packaging type. Fill in the total number of goods, and indicate their packaging methods, such as packaging, cartons, boxes, crates, bags and rolls.
12. The actual gross weight shall be filled in by the carrier or its agent after weighing. If the shipper fills in the weight, the carrier or his agent must check it.
13. The column of rate grade can be left blank and filled in by the carrier or its agent.
14. Billing weight (kg) This column should be filled in by the carrier or its agent after measuring the size of the goods (unit: cm), and the billing weight should be calculated by the carrier or its agent. If the shipper fills it out, the carrier or his agent must check it.
15.RAIE/CHARGE can be left blank.
16. name and quantity of goods (including volume and volume) [nature and quantity of goods (including volume or volume) consignment note waybill number s instruction letter fill in the name and quantity of goods (including size or volume).
Each item in the goods must be filled in separately and in as much detail as possible, such as "9 35mm exposure animated films" news clips (made in America). The contents of this column should be consistent with the contents listed in the export declaration invoice and import license.
Dangerous goods shall be filled with the applicable exact name and label level.
17. shipper's signature. The shipper must sign in this column.
18. The date indicates the delivery date of the consignor or its agent.
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