mistake

The principle of "credit issuance" of national student loans means that students do not provide any guarantee for handling national student loans. Second, what are the risks of student loans in China?

The national student loan is a personal credit loan issued by a commercial bank designated by the government to students from poor families in full-time colleges and universities. Its purpose is to help poor college students pay tuition, accommodation and living expenses, and ensure their successful completion of their studies. Because the national student loan is a national policy, and commercial banks aim at maximizing profits and minimizing risks, there are inevitably some contradictions between them. For commercial banks, the profit margin of student loans is small, the number of loans is small and the management cost is high; Student loans rely on personal credit guarantee, and the risk of repayment default is entirely borne by the bank itself, which is too risky. Therefore, in the eyes of some commercial banks, student loans are like "chicken ribs", and their undertaking of student loans is more about fulfilling instructions than a complete market behavior; The problem of bad debts is not entirely an excuse, but it is indeed the main reason that affects the enthusiasm of banks to issue student loans and leads banks to "love the poor and love the rich". At present, there are a large number of poor students in colleges and universities in China who need assistance, and the national student loan has become one of the main channels to help poor students. Therefore, how to solve the national student loan problem and improve the student loan policy is a problem that must be paid attention to. The author believes that the problem of national student loans can be solved from the following two aspects. First, improve the repayment method of student loans and extend the repayment period. It should be noted that a considerable number of college graduates who are in arrears in repaying loans are temporarily unable to repay loans. They either didn't find a job, or their wages were too low, or their families were overburdened. The national student loan stipulates that college students should pay off the loan within six years after graduation, otherwise it will be regarded as arrears, which is quite difficult for many college graduates. It's not a breach of contract, just no money to pay it back. From the international comparison, the six-year repayment period of student loans is also short. Some countries use the proportion of college students' income after graduation to repay. The repayment period of high income is short, and the repayment period of low income is long. These experiences can be used for reference. Improving the repayment method and extending the repayment period are effective means to solve the problem of bad debts of student loans. Of course, the premise is that the government's discount period for banks should be extended accordingly. Secondly, as mentioned above, there is a contradiction between the high risk of student loans and the pursuit of risk minimization by commercial banks. Because the student loan is a policy and rescue loan issued by the state to ensure the fairness of education, the main body of this loan is the state and poor students, and the bank is only the operator. To help poor students go to college and finish their studies smoothly, the government should take more responsibility in helping poor students and bear the risk of defaulting on student loans. It is reported that in the new national student loan policy, the government has given the loan banks corresponding risk compensation. Compared with commercial banks, the government has more advantages in recovering defaulted debts. The government provides guarantee for poor students' loans and bears the risk of default, which relieves the worries of commercial banks and is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of student loans. Student loans are a good thing. To do this good thing well, it is not enough to denounce the commercial banks' "being too poor and loving the rich", but also to rely on the continuous improvement and perfection of the student loan policy. It may be helpless for banks to sue students. College students default on student loans, which increases the operational risks undertaken by banks. In recent years, major commercial banks have issued tens of billions of student loans, but the harvest is a high rate of non-performing loans. In big cities where universities are concentrated, such as Beijing and Shanghai, the non-performing rate of student loans is as high as 20%-40%. In the case of imperfect personal credit information system, the cost of bank loan recovery is far greater than the loan principal. Banks may have no better choice but to turn to the judicial department. Some college students default on loans because of their poor sense of honesty, but many of them have no choice but to choose because of their insufficient repayment ability. At present, it is an indisputable fact that college students have encountered a "cold current" in employment. With the continuous downward adjustment of the market, the starting salary from undergraduate to doctoral students has also appeared the phenomenon of "zero-wage employment". Those poor students who have just finished college with student loans will have to repay tens of thousands of yuan of bank loans just after they leave school, which may be a bit overwhelming. Although the society has been "pushing" the student loan, considering the banks and students who are in court, we have to admit that there are loopholes in the current national student loan system-there may be uneven risk distribution. According to the principle of fairness and justice, income and risk should be distributed in direct proportion. However, under the current national student loan system, there is a risk allocation problem. Colleges and universities are the biggest beneficiaries of the student loan system, but they have not taken due risks. According to a report by Xinhua News Agency the day before yesterday, few people can clearly explain the charging standard and cost breakdown of tens of billions of university fees every year in China. Individual colleges and universities can even charge as much as they want, and student loans are very helpful to individual colleges and universities. Without student loans, many poor students will miss out on universities, and individual universities will naturally lose a lot of financial resources. The student loan seems to fall into the hands of students, but in fact it only enters the financial account of the school through the hands of students. However, in the event of a loan default, the school does not bear a lot of substantive responsibilities, neither paying debts nor helping to recover loans, and it is a "guarantee" title. Banks are the least beneficiaries of the student loan system, but they bear the greatest risks. A bank is an enterprise that mainly deals in currency and pursues profit maximization. In terms of return on investment, student loans are less than other commercial loans, and granting student loans is not the best market choice, with high opportunity cost; The term of student loans is as high as 8- 10 years, and the liquidity risk is high. The lack of personal credit information system makes banks bear huge credit risks. No matter from the perspective of return on capital or risk prevention and control, the profit margin of student loans is very small, which is easy to erode old capital. But for various reasons, banks can only take risks. Once bad debts appear, they may only be written off with their own capital and profits. Of course, another beneficiary is the local government, which has not taken enough risks. The government should be the biggest potential beneficiary of student loans. Student loans have greatly reduced the financial pressure of the government, but local governments lack substantial compensation for bank capital losses; Compared with the financial losses borne by banks, the current "discount interest" policy of the government may be a drop in the bucket. Those who benefit the most should bear the greatest risks. In the arrangement of the student loan system, a risk sharing mechanism should be established as soon as possible, and the risks should be reasonably distributed among the four stakeholders: the government, the school, the students and the bank, and the school and the government should bear their respective responsibilities.

Three, the national student loan "risk compensation" principle refers to what?

Is it necessary to declare special funds?

4. Why should there be risk compensation for student-origin credit student loans?

Because the student loan is a special loan project. We can give full play to the role of risk compensation in risk prevention and control, give some guidance, promote the stability and development of student-origin loan, and promote and publicize it better.