country profile
Portugal * * * and the name of the Republic (English: Portugal, Portuguese Republic, Portugal: Repú blica Portugal, China was called Fran? ois in Ming Dynasty). Latin means "warm port" in southwest Europe, and its territory also includes Azores and Madeira Islands, overseas territories of the Atlantic Ocean. The national flag is rectangular with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of two parts: left, green and right. The green part is a vertical rectangle, the red part is close to a square, and its area is one and a half times that of the green part. Portugal's national emblem is painted between the red and green lines. Red represents the celebration of the founding of the second United States in 19 10, and green represents the respect for The Prince Henry, known as the "navigator". The main part of the national emblem is a golden armillary sphere, which is an ancient navigation instrument and represents the navigation achievements of the Portuguese. There is a Bai Dun in the center of the armillary sphere and five on the shield.
A small blue shield forms a cross, and each small blue shield has five white castles. These five small blue shields are to commemorate the victory of Alfan I in defeating the five Moorish monarchs in the Battle of Oriki. The White Castle is an ancient symbol of Portugal, and it also symbolizes the power of Jesus Christ to defeat pagans. Bai Dun is superimposed with a red shield, surrounded by seven castles, to commemorate the Portuguese provinces recovered from the Moors. The armillary sphere is decorated with olive branches. Lavender, carnation, the national flower of Portuguese national language
Currency name: anibal Antó nio Cabaco Cavaco Silva, president of European and European heads of state, was elected in June 5438 +2006 10 and took office in March 2006. The term of office is 5 years. National Day: June 10 * * and National Day: June 5438+00 to commemorate the overthrow of dictatorship on April 25th 1974. National Struggle Day for the Establishment of Democratic Regime: June 13 National anthem "Portuguese" Lyrics: De Mendoza Lyrics: Alfredo Kiel Lyrics: The maritime hero is noble, the nation is immortal and brave, and now it is time to rise up and replay the light of Portugal. From the hazy memory, my motherland, I heard the call of my ancestors, who took me on the road to victory. From the ground to the sea, the three armed forces will fight for the motherland, and the area of gun poles rushing to the enemy is 92,072 square kilometers (65,438+February 2005). Located in the southwest of Iberian Peninsula in Europe. It borders Spain in the east and north, and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest. The coastline is more than 800 kilometers long. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south, mostly mountainous and hilly. The northern part is the Meseta Plateau; The average elevation of the central mountainous area is 800 ~ 1000m, and the elevation of the Esh trela peak is1991m; The south and west are hills and coastal plains respectively. The main rivers are ru river, Douro River (which flows through the territory for 322km) and Montego River. The northern part has a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate, and the southern part has a subtropical Mediterranean climate. The average temperature is 65438+1October 7 ~ 1 1℃, and July 20 ~ 26℃. The annual average precipitation is 500 ~1000 mm. Population profile
10,848,692 (mid-2007 estimate). More than 99% of them are Portuguese and the rest are Spanish. The population density is 1 14.7 people/km2. The labor force population is 5.507 million (the first quarter of 2005). The sex ratio is 0.92. The official language is Portuguese. More than 97% of the residents believe in Catholicism. In 2007, the human development index was 0.909, belonging to the primary developed countries.
Edit the capital of this country.
Lisbon, with a population of 564,700 (200 1), overlooks the coldest capital Lisbon, with the hottest month (August) temperature 17-28℃.
In June (65438+1October), the temperature was 8- 14℃. The precipitation in the driest month (July) is 3mm (monthly average precipitation), and the wettest month (65438+1October) is11mm.
Edit this administrative division.
Administratively, Portugal has 18 regions: Aveiro, Beha, Bragan and braganca? A) Castelo Branco, coimbra, Evora (? Vora) satellite map of Faroe, Portugal.
Gualda, leiria, Lisbon, Porta Laigret, Porto, Santa Taran, setubal, Viana do castelo, Villarreal, Viseu, Tuba. Ore) and madeira. Each district can be subdivided into municipal districts in Portugal.
National economics
Portugal is one of the economically backward countries in developed countries, with a weak industrial base. Textile, shoemaking, C Ronaldo
Tourism and brewing are the pillar industries of the national economy. Cork production accounts for more than half of the world's total output, and its export volume ranks first in the world. 1986 After Portugal joined the European Union, its economy developed rapidly. In the early 1990s, due to the economic recession in Europe, Portugal's economic growth rate declined year by year, from 65438 to 0995. 1997-200 1 period, the average annual economic growth rate reached 2.9%, higher than the EU average. 1998 is as high as 4.6%. 1 99965438+1October1,Portugal joined the euro zone as the first batch of EU countries. In 2004, Portuguese primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry accounted for 3.93%, 24.75% and 765,438+0.32% of GDP respectively, and the employed population accounted for 65,438+02%, 365,438+0.2% and 56.8% of the total labor force respectively. Since 2002, the economy has been declining, with a negative growth of 65,438+0.3% in 2003. In 2004, the GDP was141.1.50 billion euros, and the economic growth was 1.2%. The main economic figures in 2005 are as follows: GDP:1472.49 billion euros. Per capita GDP: 13800 Euro. Economic growth rate: 0.3%. Currency name: Euro. 65438+February average exchange rate: 1 Euro = 1.244 1 USD Inflation rate: 2.3%. Unemployment rate: 7.6%. (Source: Portuguese National Bureau of Statistics) Rich in mineral resources, mainly tungsten, copper, yellow iron, uranium, hematite, magnetite, marble, etc., with the tungsten reserves ranking first in Western Europe. The forest area is 3.2 million hectares, with a coverage rate of 35%. In recent years, due to climate change, forest fires have occurred every year, losing 200,000 hectares of forest every year. In 2004, the industrial output value was 34.935 billion euros, accounting for 24.75% of the GDP. In 2004, the employed population was 6.5438+0.5983 million, accounting for about 365.438+0.2% of the total employed population. The main industrial sectors are textiles, clothing, shoemaking, food, chemicals, paper making, electronic equipment, ceramics, wine making, cork and so on. The annual output of cork is 6.5438+0.5 million tons, accounting for more than half of the world's total output. The planting area of Phellodendron amurense accounts for 30% of the world's planting area, and its export volume ranks first in the world. In 2004, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was about 5.546 billion euros, accounting for 3.93% of GDP. In 2004, the employed population was 614,700, accounting for 12% of the total employed population. Marine fishing is mainly sardines, tuna and cod. In 2003 and 2004, the catch was 15 1600 tons and139,600 tons respectively, and the output value was 274 1 10,000 euros and 240 1 10,000 euros respectively. Portugal's service industry has developed rapidly since the 1990s, and its output value has increased year after year. By the end of the 20th century, the proportion of this industry in China's national economy and the proportion of employed people have approached the level of developed countries in Europe. In 2004, the output value of service industry was 65.438+000.643 billion euros, accounting for 765.438+0.32% of GDP. The number of employees in that year was 2,909,600, accounting for 56.8% of the total employed population. Portugal's service industry mainly includes collective, social and personal services such as banking, insurance, hotels, catering, transportation, warehousing, communication, real estate and social assistance. Tourism is an important source of Portugal's foreign exchange income and an important means to make up for the foreign trade deficit. From 2000 to 2003, the tourism income was 5.72 billion, 665.438+0.25 billion, 6.058 billion and 58./kloc-0.20 billion euros respectively. In 2004, the tourism revenue was 626 1 100 million euros (provisional data from the Portuguese National Bureau of Statistics), ranking 2 1 in the world, accounting for 8% of the GDP of that year, and absorbing 10% of the employed population in the country. In that year, the number of foreign tourists was 1 1.6 million, ranking 19 in the world's major tourist destinations. In 2003, there were all kinds of hotels 1934 in Portugal. The main tourists come from Britain, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, France, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, the United States and Belgium. The main tourist attractions are Lisbon, Faroe, Porto and Madeira. Transportation is mainly by land. Railways: In 2004, the total mileage of state-owned railways was 2,836 kilometers; In 2004, the passenger traffic was 3.693 billion person-kilometers and the freight volume was 2.589 billion ton-kilometers. Highway: In 2004, the national highway mileage was 12689 km. 2 126 km expressway was completed in 2004; 6.09 million cars. Lisbon street bus tram
Water transport: mainly by sea. In 2004, the gross tonnage of merchant ships was 55.599 million tons. In 2003, the national port throughput was 78.95 million tons. The main ports are Lisbon, Aveiro, Tuba, Sinesh, Funchal (in Madeira Islands) and Pun Tardell Gada (in Azores Islands). Air transport: There are 4 domestic airlines with 16 international routes. In 2004, the passenger traffic was 265,438+863,000, and the freight volume was 65,438+530,000 tons. In 2005, there were 20 million passengers entering and leaving the national airport, with a turnover of 295 million euros and a profit of 23.8 million euros, up 4.4% year-on-year. Lisbon, Porto and Faroe all have international airports. Remittance income is one of the important economic sources in Portugal. In 2004 and 2005, remittance income was 2,442.2 million euros and 2,277.2 million euros respectively. In 2004, the total foreign debt of the Portuguese government was US$ 296.8 billion, accounting for about 169.8+0% of GDP. Foreign exchange reserves1168.4 billion US dollars, of which gold reserves are about 655438+0 billion US dollars. (Source: Quarterly Review of British Economy in 2005) The main imported products are machinery, instruments, automobiles, petroleum, chemical products, agricultural products and common metals. The main export products are machinery, instruments, automobiles, clothing, textiles, common metals, footwear, pulp, wood and cork. Marble exports rank among the top in the world. In 2004, Portugal's main export targets were EU countries (followed by Spain, France, Germany and Britain, accounting for 80.4% of Portugal's total exports), North America (6.5%), Portuguese-speaking countries (3.6%), EFTA countries (1.3%) and Central and Eastern European countries (0.5%). Portugal's exports to other regions and countries accounted for 7.7% of the total, of which the Far East, South Asia and East Asia accounted for 2.6%; Exports to China accounted for 0.3% of its total exports. In the same year, Portugal's main sources of imports were EU countries (followed by Spain, Germany, France and Italy, accounting for 77.9% of the total imports), Central and Eastern European countries (2.3%), North America (2.5%), Portuguese-speaking countries (2.0%) and European Free Trade Area countries (1.9%). Portugal's imports from other regions and countries account for 13.4% of the total imports, of which the Far East, South Asia and Southeast Asia account for 4.6% and China accounts for 1%. (Source: National Bureau of Statistics of Portugal)/KLOC-0 During the period from 1997 to 2004, Portugal's foreign direct investment was 2.246 billion, 9.463 billion, 65.438+0.0205 billion, 65.438+0.402 billion, 65.438+0.302 billion and 65.438+respectively. In 2004, Portugal's accumulated foreign investment mainly flowed to Denmark (26 1. 1 billion euros), the Netherlands (2.022 billion euros), Spain (1.59 euros), Brazil (286 million euros), Britain (222 million euros) and Ireland (. Since 200 1, Portugal's investment in EU member countries has increased substantially, and now it accounts for more than 80% of the total investment. In terms of investment fields, Portuguese foreign investments in 2004 were real estate and enterprise services (87.0%), trade, maintenance, hotels and restaurants (4.2%), financial activities (4. 1%), processing industry (2.5%), transportation, warehousing and communication (0.3%), electricity and electricity. Foreign aid1991-In 2004, Portugal provided more than 3 billion euros of bilateral aid to foreign countries, 90% of which were provided to Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa and East Timor. Most foreign aid is interest-free loans, and a small part is special loans. Portugal's multilateral assistance is usually conducted through international institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, the World Bank and regional development banks. Under the multilateral framework of 1998, the amount of assistance was 82140,000 USD. From 1999, East Timor declared its independence from Indonesian rule to its formal establishment in 2002, Portugal directly or through the United Nations assisted the region with 65438+69 million US dollars. In 2002, the Portuguese government decided to provide another $9 million in economic assistance to the East. The two countries signed a cooperation plan for 2004-2006, according to which Portugal will assist 50 million euros. Foreign Portuguese government increased privatization from 1997 to increase fiscal revenue, and increased issuance of Portuguese currency and foreign currency bonds from 1998, which played a certain role in attracting foreign investment. In recent years, foreign direct investment in Portugal began to decline due to the recession of the world economy, the recession of the European Union and the cheap labor in Central and Eastern European countries. From 1997 to 2004, the foreign direct investment in Portugal was 7.952 billion,10/072 billion,136310 billion, 26.595 billion and 280./kloc-respectively. In 2004, foreign investment mainly came from Spain (4.698 billion euros), Britain (3.832 billion euros), Germany (3.52/kloc-0.0 billion euros), the Netherlands (2.937 billion euros), France (2.787 billion euros), Finland (6.5438+0.237 billion euros) and Belgium. Ireland (445 million euros) and Luxembourg (439 million euros) and the United States (929 million euros) and other EU member countries, it mainly flows to processing industry (accounting for 30. 1% of the total investment), retail and wholesale of goods, catering, hotels (28.2%), real estate, leasing and services to enterprises (24./. Up to now, the largest Portuguese foreign investment project is AutoEuropa, 1995 invested by Ford-Volkswagen in Palmeira Industrial Park in the southern suburbs of Lisbon in April. (Source: Bank of Portugal) Foreign aid 1.989- 1.999. 1999, Portugal received $33 billion from the European aid framework plan. From 2000 to 2006, Portugal obtained $25.5 billion from the EU, of which the total amount of various funds obtained from the EU in 20001year was $2.6 billion. In 2004, Portugal received 4.4 billion euros of structural funds from the European Union, accounting for 3.5% of Portugal's GDP. In that year, Portugal paid 654.38+27.2 million euros to the EU, accounting for 2.37% of Portugal's GDP. In addition, the EU has provided Portugal with 477 million euros of agricultural funds and 22.8 million euros of internal policy funds. In 2007-20 13, Portugal will receive 22.5 billion euros from the EU, including 0.64 million euros from the structural fund, 2.722 billion euros from the solidarity fund, 3.0 million euros from the rural development fund and 0.7 million euros from the fishery fund. These aid funds have played a very important role in the sustained and stable development of Portugal's economy. Since 2005, the minimum monthly wage in Portugal has been 374.7 euros. In 2004, 54% people in Portugal owned computers and 43% people were online. In 200 1 year, every thousand households have durable consumer goods: 755 telephones, 899 mobile phones, 97 refrigerators, 333 microwave ovens, 822 washing machines, 979 televisions, 97 video recorders, 854 tape recorders, 220 computers and 599 cars. 25% of families own a second home. Various hospitals 1 126, with 4.2 doctors and 3.8 beds per thousand people. The average life expectancy is 76.9 years, 74.9 years for men and 8 1.2 years for women.