1, classified by causes: natural risk, social risk, political risk, economic risk and technological risk.
2. According to the classification of risk objects: property risk, personal risk, liability risk and credit risk.
3. Classification by nature: pure risk and speculative risk.
4. Classification according to risk impact: basic risk and specific risk.
What are the commonly used classification methods of scaffolding? Scaffolding refers to all kinds of supports erected on the construction site for workers to operate and solve vertical and horizontal transportation. The general term for the construction field refers to the place where external walls, interior decoration or high floors cannot be directly constructed on the construction site. It is mainly used for construction workers to work up and down, or for peripheral safety net enclosure and high-altitude installation of components. The material is usually bamboo, wood, steel pipe or synthetic material. Common classification methods include the following:
The first and most commonly used classification method is divided into wood, steel and ladder according to materials. Secondly, it can be divided into two types according to whether it is movable or not: movable and fixed. According to the nature of construction, it can be divided into construction scaffolding and installation scaffolding, which is also a common classification method. The last one is divided into open, closed, semi-closed and regional closed according to the size of occlusion.
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What are the common ways of risk transfer? Credit risk transfer (CRT) refers to financial institutions. Generally speaking, commercial banks use various financial instruments to transfer credit risk to other banks or other financial institutions. With the development of the market, non-financial institutions may also enter the credit risk transfer market for transactions. However, judging from the current market situation, the participating institutions in the credit risk transfer market are mainly various financial institutions. Market entities include commercial banks, various institutional investors and securities companies. In the credit risk transfer market, those institutions that transfer credit risk are called credit risk transferers (that is, protecting buyers, risk sellers or insured), and those institutions that accept credit risk are called credit risk acceptors (that is, protecting sellers, risk buyers or guarantors). The main credit risk transfer tools include loan sales, asset securitization and credit derivatives that have developed rapidly in recent years.
What are the classification methods of fund investment? What are the common risks of fund investment? Puhua Business School answers for you.
What are the classification methods?
1, depending on the filling method
According to the different ways of raising funds, securities investment funds can be divided into Public Offering of Fund and private equity funds.
2. According to whether it can be listed and traded.
According to whether it can be listed on the stock exchange, securities investment funds can be divided into listed funds and unlisted funds. A listed fund refers to a securities investment fund whose fund shares are listed and traded on a stock exchange.
3. According to the operation mode (:sinobalanceol. /front/course _ list/ 1)
According to the different modes of operation, securities investment funds can be divided into closed-end securities investment funds and open-end securities investment funds.
4, according to the organizational form
According to different organizational forms, securities investment funds can be divided into corporate securities investment funds and contractual securities investment funds.
There are five risks.
First: market exposure risk
Market exposure risk refers to the actual market value of money market funds, that is, the risk of deviation between the net value of funds valued by market method and the fund price (usually the face value of funds).
Second: policy risk.
Due to the changes of national macro policies such as fiscal policy, monetary policy, industrial policy and regional development policy, the market price fluctuates, which affects the fund's income and creates risks.
Third: credit risk
Including the credit risk of bonds, bills and other instruments invested by the fund itself, as well as the door-to-door risk of investment based on a transaction, such as repurchase agreements.
Fourth: interest rate risk.
The fluctuation of interest rate in financial market will lead to the change of price and yield in securities market. Interest rate directly affects the price and yield of bonds and the financing cost and profit of enterprises. The fund invests in bonds and stocks, and its income level may be affected by changes in interest rates.
Fifth: business cycle risk.
With the periodic change of economic realization, the income level of the securities market also changes periodically, and the income level of fund investment will also change accordingly, thus generating risks.
Sixth: the risk of bond yield curve change.
The risk of bond yield curve change refers to the risk related to the non-parallel movement of yield curve, and a single duration index can not fully reflect the existence of this risk.
What are the common repayment methods? If it is China Merchants Bank credit card, there are many repayment methods, such as self-service deposit machine, branch counter repayment, online repayment, convenience store repayment and so on. You can visit the following website to check our repayment methods and choose the one that suits you (website:. cmbchina。 /cus service/return . aspx)。
What are the common steelmaking methods? Generally, it can be divided into converter steelmaking, open hearth steelmaking and electric furnace steelmaking.
1. converter steelmaking
The converter is shaped like a pear, with refractory bricks on its inner wall and many small holes (tuyeres) on its side. Compressed air is blown into the converter from these holes, and its main raw materials are pig iron, ore or processed scrap steel. Inject 1300℃ liquid pig iron inward and add a certain amount of quicklime; After oxygen is blown into molten pig iron, the impurities such as carbon, silicon and manganese in it are rapidly oxidized and a large amount of heat is released (containing 1% silicon can raise the temperature of pig iron by 200 degrees Celsius), which can make the furnace reach a sufficiently high temperature. Therefore, converter steelmaking does not need to use additional fuel. Iron, silicon and manganese are oxidized to produce slag, and phosphorus is subsequently oxidized to further produce ferrous phosphate. Ferrous phosphate reacts with quicklime to produce stable calcium phosphate and calcium sulfide, which together become slag. This shows that the steel has been tempered.
2. Open hearth steelmaking
Raw materials: scrap iron, scrap steel, iron ore and limestone. The heat required for the reaction is provided by blast furnace gas or producer gas and heavy oil. At the initial stage of smelting, the fuel meets the imported hot air and burns on the surface of the fuel, with the temperature as high as 1800 degrees Celsius. Make the burden melt quickly (the melting point of iron is 1535 degrees Celsius, and that of steel is slightly lower). The molten pig iron produces ferrous oxide, and the impurities silicon and manganese in the pig iron are oxidized to produce slag. Limestone and impurities such as phosphorus and sulfur produce calcium phosphate and calcium sulfide as slag. Secondly, carbon will also react to produce carbon monoxide. The smelting process has been completed.
3. Electric furnace steelmaking method
Steelmaking process with electricity as energy source.
This kind of steelmaking furnace includes electric arc furnace, induction furnace, electroslag furnace, electron beam furnace, consumable electric arc furnace, etc. Generally speaking, EAF steel is produced by alkaline EAF.
Electric furnace steel is mostly used to produce high-quality carbon structural steel, tool steel and alloy steel. This kind of steel has excellent quality and uniform efficiency. At the same carbon content, the strength and plasticity of electric furnace steel are better than those of open-hearth steel.
What are the classification methods of wood milling? 1, the position of the cutting edge relative to the axis of rotation of the milling cutter and the surface formed during work:
Cylindrical milling; Taper milling; Face milling (the plane of rotation of each point on the blade is parallel to the machining surface)
2. According to the size of contact angle: incomplete milling (
3. According to the number of blades involved in cutting: milling (one blade); Semi-open milling (two edges); Closed milling (three sides)
4. Downstream milling; Upward milling