The arrival of the aging population has led to an increase in the proportion of elderly people in the social demographic structure, especially in the one-child families born after 1980s, where a couple often have to support four elderly people. Therefore, in the age of aging population, the post-80s and post-70s have the greatest pressure, because now is the most stringent period of family planning, and many families are only children. The only child means that one child needs to support two old people, and after the two only children get married.
In fact, many parents of one-child families are employees of enterprises and institutions with jobs. Even when you are old, you have a pension and can stand on your own feet economically. They don't need the financial support of their children, but it's often not only an economic problem to support the elderly, but the biggest problem is to take care of them. Many elderly people have difficulty in moving when they are old, especially those with Alzheimer's disease. Once you go out, you forget the way home, even the usual shopping and cooking are a problem, even.
Young people, there are old people to take care of, children to take care of, and work, and time is simply too late. This gave birth to the rise of the aged care service industry. Take our Chongqing side as an example. Basically, you can see that there are community nursing homes in every community, as well as private nursing homes, apartments for the elderly and some rehabilitation centers for the elderly. These old-age care institutions have solved the problem that the elderly are left unattended at home, but they have also exposed some management problems.
Take the nursing home next to the one where I used to live. There are more than 100 elderly people living in it. Every day, the old people eat and sleep, and occasionally move in the dam of the nursing home. The door is locked, and the old people can't go in and out freely. If they want to go out, they need their families to pick them up. Although these regulations are responsible for the safety of the old people, many old people say that living in them is like going to jail and completely losing their personal freedom, so this cannot be applied across the board. For those elderly people with good mental health, they should reach an agreement with their families, give them the right to go in and out freely, fully respect their wishes, or often organize outings in nursing homes, which can also play a relaxing role.
Development direction of pension industry after population aging
First of all, nursing homes need improvement.
My cousin's mother was old, no one took care of her, and her three daughters had their own families, so she sent the old man to the nursing home in the county. After the old man lived in a nursing home, he called me and said that he had a big pot of rice in the nursing home, and he couldn't even eat a braised pork with plum vegetables. He lives in the dormitory every day without any personal privacy. Sometimes he often feels unsafe. Every day after dinner, he stays in his room except watching TV.
After listening to the old man's story, I immediately bought some nutrients, ordered a braised pork with plum vegetables, and packed some dishes that the old man loved to eat to visit the old man in the nursing home. The old man was very happy to see me and talked with her for a while, because he had to go to work and didn't stay long.
Four months later, my period came. I heard that her mother was not used to living in a nursing home and insisted on going home, saying that she could eat whatever she wanted at home and go out for a walk if she had nothing to do. Living in a nursing home is like going to jail, so they have to take the old man home. Then less than three months later, the bad news of his death came.
At present, most nursing homes adopt a model, that is, once the elderly enter the nursing home, they become fully closed management. Every day, in order to save trouble, they just add a pot of rice to the dormitory. Living in such an environment, old people often lose the warmth and sense of belonging at home, especially in the dormitory, and they can feel comfortable without the sense of privacy protection at home.
Therefore, there are three things that nursing homes need to improve first:
Every old man needs to live in a separate room. If you are a husband and wife, you can live in a room and fully respect the privacy wishes of the elderly.
In terms of diet, a kitchen can be provided outside each old man's room. Old people can cook and stir-fry independently and enjoy the feeling of home. They can also eat in the canteen of nursing homes, fully respecting the needs of the elderly for independent diet.
For the elderly with full capacity for civil conduct and criminal conduct, the old-age service institution should sign an exemption clause with them, that is to say, such elderly people can move freely and enter and leave the nursing home freely, and the nursing home is not responsible for their safety after going out. So as to realize respect for the personal freedom of the elderly.
Two. Responsibilities and obligations of the elderly and nursing homes
For the sake of safety and convenient management, many nursing homes and old-age service institutions completely implement closed management for the elderly, without considering their personal freedom and privacy needs. Therefore, the correct way for the elderly to stay in nursing homes is to sign different old-age service agreements for different elderly people, treat them differently with full civil capacity and criminal capacity, and sign exemption service clauses with them. For elderly people with physical diseases, they should sign exemption clauses for disease relief.
Third, how to balance the freedom and safety of the elderly.
The biggest drawback of the current pension service institutions is to protect the safety of the elderly at the expense of their freedom, which completely turns the elderly into a captive mode, which is also contrary to the spirit of humanistic care. Therefore, in the future development, the old-age service institutions must maintain the living habits and eating habits of the elderly at home, rather than the rough care model of collective dormitory plus big pot rice.
For the elderly who do not have full criminal and civil capacity, nursing homes should also organize regular outings, at least once a week.
The aging population has brought opportunities for the vigorous development of the aged care service industry. However, the existing pension service institutions need to be improved. Relying solely on a building, a quadrangle and an iron gate-style old-age care institution will not bring happiness to the elderly, but will be mentally destroyed and tortured.