National fiscal science and technology expenditures include scientific undertaking expenses, three science and technology expenses, scientific research infrastructure expenses, and the sum of other expenses.

Three science and technology expenses: refers to the expenses used by the national budget for science and technology expenditures, including new product trial production fees, intermediate testing fees, and important scientific research subsidies. Science and technology expenditure accounts for 4.37% of national fiscal expenditure. In accordance with public finance principles and the requirements of WTO rules, fiscal science and technology funds are mainly used to support public science and technology activities that cannot be effectively solved by market mechanisms, and to guide enterprises and the whole society to invest in science and technology. .

Specific include:

First, ensure the smooth implementation of major science and technology projects. In order to complete a number of major strategic tasks, key revolutionary technologies and major projects with national goals determined by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the central government has independently established major national science and technology special funds and established a rolling budget and continuous investment management mechanism.

The second is to support the key areas and cutting-edge technologies deployed in the "Science and Technology Plan Outline". From 2006 to 2012, the government allocated 101.47 billion yuan in special funds for national science and technology support plans, 863 plans, and public welfare industry scientific research to support scientific and technological research and development activities that play an important role in economic and social development.

The third is to support the strengthening of basic research. From 2006 to 2012, 80 billion yuan was allocated for the Natural Science Foundation and the 973 Program to support free exploration, meet the country's major strategic needs, and improve original innovation capabilities.

The fourth is to improve the stable support mechanism coordinated with competitive funding. In response to the problem of a relatively large proportion of competitive support funds, starting from 2006, we have gradually improved the level of operating funding guarantees for scientific research institutions (bases); supported public welfare scientific research institutions (bases) to carry out independent research on selected topics, and established a stable scientific research system for the public welfare industry. Support channels; increase special funds for repair and purchase. At the same time, in accordance with the principles of "reform first, highlighting characteristics, and performance-oriented", support the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Social Sciences, and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences in implementing innovation projects.

The fifth is to promote international scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges. Support the implementation of international cooperation projects within the framework of bilateral and multilateral scientific and technological cooperation agreements, and carry out scientific and technological cooperation and foreign aid.

The sixth is to promote the development of technological innovation and entrepreneurship talents.

Implement major talent projects, support scientific research institutes and universities in cultivating and introducing talents, and explore pilot funding support models for high-end talents