Yes, the latest financial software support is required.

In October 2017, the Ministry of Finance issued the "Government Accounting System - Accounting Accounts and Statements for Administrative Institutions" (hereinafter referred to as the "System"), which will be implemented on January 1, 2019, and administrative institutions are encouraged to implement it in advance.

The "System" has completely changed the accounting model of our country's government units.

This article uses practical examples to analyze the accounting processing methods under the new system, and summarizes the five characteristics of the dual-system parallel accounting model.

Analysis of Accounting Processing Related to Fixed Assets A major innovation of the "System" is to reconstruct the government accounting model and establish an accounting model in which "financial accounting and budget accounting are appropriately separated and connected with each other", that is, a dual-system parallel accounting model.

The author explains the accounting of the "System" through the unit's purchase of fixed assets and provision of depreciation of fixed assets, thereby summarizing the important features of the dual-system parallel accounting model.

Assume that on March 2 of a certain year, Public Institution A received a notification of the arrival of the authorized payment limit from Commercial Bank A (the financial authorized payment agent bank). The authorized payment limit for that month was 300,000 yuan.

Accounting processing under the dual-system parallel accounting model includes financial accounting accounting processing and budget accounting accounting processing.

The financial accounting processing is as follows: Debit: Zero balance account usage limit 300,000 Credit: Fiscal appropriation revenue 300,000 Budget accounting processing is as follows: Debit: Fund balance - zero balance account usage limit 300,000 Credit: Fiscal budget appropriation revenue

300000On March 18, Institution A purchased a special testing equipment that did not require installation. The total price of the equipment was 115,000 yuan, and the payment was made through financial authorization.

During the purchase of equipment, transportation and miscellaneous expenses of 5,000 yuan were incurred, which were paid with bank deposits.

Accounting processing under the dual-system parallel accounting model also includes financial accounting accounting processing and budget accounting accounting processing.

The financial accounting processing is as follows: Debit: Fixed assets 120,000 Credit: Zero balance account usage limit 115,000 Bank deposit 5,000 Budget accounting processing is as follows: Debit: Business expenses 120,000 Credit: Fund balance - Zero balance account usage limit

115,000 capital balance - bank deposit 5,000. The useful life of this fixed asset is 10 years. Institution A accrues accumulated depreciation of fixed assets according to the straight-line method.

According to the "Government Accounting Standards No. 3 - Fixed Assets" Application Guide, depreciation should be accrued on fixed assets on a monthly basis. For fixed assets added in the current month, depreciation will begin to be accrued in that month.

Therefore, starting from March, for unit A’s fixed asset depreciation of 1,000 yuan per month, no budget accounting treatment will be performed. The financial accounting treatment will be as follows: Debit: Business activity expenses 1,000 Credit: Accumulated depreciation of fixed assets 1,000 will

The above-mentioned dual-system parallel accounting model with actual fixed asset depreciation has five major characteristics.

First, parallel accounting should be carried out for cash receipts and expenditures that are included in departmental budget management. That is, for cash receipts and expenditures that are included in departmental budget management, budget accounting should also be performed at the same time as financial accounting.

For other businesses, only financial accounting is required.

For example, the provision of depreciation of fixed assets does not belong to the "cash receipts and payments business included in department budget management". It only performs financial accounting, and the budget accounting system does not perform accounting processing.

Second, actual depreciation of fixed assets is provided.

Traditional accounting systems such as the "Accounting System for Public Institutions" make false provision for asset depreciation or amortization, that is, provision for asset depreciation or amortization offsets net asset items such as "non-current asset funds".

According to Article 20 of "Government Accounting Standards No. 3 - Fixed Assets", fixed assets shall be depreciated on a monthly basis and included in current expenses or related asset costs according to their purpose.

The "System" stipulates that when depreciating fixed assets on a monthly basis, debit "business activity expenses", "unit management expenses", "operating expenses", "processing items", "projects in progress" and other accounts according to the accrued depreciation amount, and credit

Record the "accumulated depreciation of fixed assets" account.

The actual mention of asset depreciation or amortization in the "System" can not only reflect the true value of assets more accurately, but also lay a solid foundation for government accounting to calculate public service costs, and then scientifically conduct performance evaluation.

Third, the asset fund account was cancelled, and a new "fund balance" account was created, which plays a balancing role between lenders and borrowers.

In the traditional accounting system, accounting for asset fund accounts plays an important role in balancing borrowers and lenders, which is also an important feature of traditional government accounting.

The "System" no longer sets up asset fund accounts, and newly sets up "fund balance" accounts for accounting, and accounts are calculated according to the detailed accounts of "zero balance account usage limit", "monetary funds" and "financial return amount".

The main method of accounting for the "Fund Balance" account is to debit the "Fund Balance" account and credit the budget revenue account when the unit obtains budget revenue. When a budget expenditure occurs, the budget expenditure account is debited and "Fund Balance" is credited.

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