The channel for raising social security funds, also known as the source of social security funds, is the channel for obtaining and forming special social security funds determined by the state according to law and is the basic link of the social security system.
The financing principle of social insurance fund is to set income by expenditure, save part and accumulate part.
Raising and establishing social security funds according to certain principles and models is the premise and financial guarantee for the establishment and normal operation of social security system. Throughout the implementation of social security in countries around the world, the sources of social security funds are roughly as follows:
Main channels: financing channels of the state, enterprises and individuals, mainly including financial allocation, enterprise payment and individual payment. According to the principle of three parties sharing the burden, the state, enterprises and individual workers should bear the raising of social insurance funds in a certain way and proportion, usually in the form of national legislation.
Second, auxiliary channels: social donation, fund operation appreciation, lottery income.
Social security institutions raise funds or objects for social security purposes from social groups, units and individuals through certain channels and ways, which is also an important source of social security funds. Social donation is a form of raising social security funds in a voluntary way. Social donations are directly absorbed into the name of the social security fund and used by social security institutions according to actual needs; Or according to the needs of some specific events or specific objects, through direct fundraising, charity performances, lottery tickets, etc., temporarily raise funds from the society.
Third, special channels: reducing state-owned shares, realizing state-owned assets and issuing long-term treasury bonds.
The reduction of state-owned shares (including state-owned shares and state-owned legal person shares) refers to the transfer of state-owned shares of listed companies (including companies to be listed) by the public and public investors such as securities investment funds. It belongs to a special channel of social security fund source. The State Council exercises the ownership of state-owned shares on behalf of the state. The representative unit of state-owned shareholders refers to the unit authorized to hold listed state-owned shares on behalf of the state in accordance with the principle of "state ownership, hierarchical management and authorized operation" of state-owned assets. The funds raised by the reduction of state-owned shares shall be managed by the National Social Security Fund Council, and the specific management measures shall be formulated separately by the Ministry of Finance and implemented after being submitted to the State Council for approval. The reduction of state-owned shares mainly adopts the way of issuing state-owned shares. State-owned joint stock limited companies (including overseas listed companies) that issue and issue additional shares to public investors for the first time shall sell state-owned shares at 10% of the financing amount; If a joint stock limited company is established less than three years ago, the state-owned shares to be sold will be transferred to the National Social Security Fund Council, and the company will be entrusted to sell them in one lump sum or in installments during the public offering period. All proceeds from the sale of state-owned shares will be turned over to the national social security fund. In principle, the reduction of state-owned shares adopts market pricing.
The state can also raise social security funds by issuing long-term treasury bonds or special treasury bonds, which is of great help to alleviate the pressure caused by the shortage of social security funds.
To sum up, on the one hand, social security reform should establish a financing mechanism shared by enterprises, individuals and the state; On the other hand, the government also needs to raise funds through other channels, pay the funding gap and bear the cost of transformation.