Pension fund is a kind of fund used to pay retirement income and a part of social security fund. Pension funds raise social endowment insurance funds by issuing fund shares or beneficiary certificates, and entrust professional fund management institutions to invest in industrial investment, securities investment or other projects in order to achieve the purpose of maintaining and increasing value.
The full name of pension fund is endowment insurance fund. It is a very important part of China's social security system, also known as the old-age insurance system. As far as the present situation of China's endowment insurance system is concerned, it is a social system that provides basic living security for workers who are old and weak and lose their ability to work. Those who have reached retirement age and gone through retirement examination and approval procedures can enjoy pension benefits. The endowment insurance fund is shared by the state, enterprises and employees, and raised and managed by the social insurance center. Enterprises pay 20% of the total wages, and workers pay 8% of the total wages in the previous year. There is no specific amount for the so-called state to bear this part, but it is only reflected in the tax, and the 28% paid is not taxed.
2. What are the types of pension funds?
1, social pooling fund for endowment insurance
It is the earliest pension fund in China and the largest pension fund at present. Endowment insurance premiums paid by enterprises and employees. Because personal account has always been regarded as a record of rights and interests, it is only a record and does not form a "real account", so the contributions of enterprises and employees have been included in the social pooling fund, and the pension insurance personal account fund has not yet been formed.
2. Rural endowment insurance fund
It is different from cities and towns, without social overall planning, and implements a complete fund accumulation system; The expenses are mainly paid by individual farmers, supplemented by collective subsidies, and the pension is collected according to the accumulated amount of individual accounts.
3. Enterprise annuity fund
In other words, the enterprise supplementary endowment insurance mentioned in the past has been widely developed abroad, but it is still in the development stage in China. The enterprise annuity fund comes from the special contributions of enterprises and employees and is operated and managed in a market-oriented way.
4. National Social Security Fund
Funds raised from the central budget, the realization of the reduction of state-owned shares and other channels. At present, the funds allocated by the central government have been put in place, and there will be a follow-up reduction of state-owned shares to raise social security funds. The expansion of lottery issuance scale provides a relatively stable source of funds for the national social security fund.
In addition to the above four kinds, the existing employee mutual insurance fund, personal savings insurance fund, housing provident fund and so on. It also includes pension funds.
Third, how to invest in the fixed investment of pension funds
1, the pension should be fixed sooner rather than later.
A 30-year-old white-collar worker in Jiading wants to save 1 10,000 yuan when he retires at the age of 60. Based on the actual rate of return of Hang Seng Index from 1979 to the end of 2009, if he starts to make a fixed investment at the age of 30, he will have saved1000000 yuan in 30 years, and only needs to invest 4 14 yuan every month. However, at the age of 40, I began to make a fixed investment. After 20 years of accumulated investment, I have saved 65,438+0,000,000 yuan, and I will invest 65,438+0 in 730 yuan every month. If I start investing after 65,438+00 years, I will have to triple my investment to get the same amount of pension. It can be seen that the earlier the pension investment starts, the smaller the burden.
2. Fixed investment in old-age care should have perseverance.
Investors should not be shaken by short-term fluctuations or declines in the stock market. If they redeem or stop their fixed investment because they can't stand the market decline or other factors in the short term, they can't achieve the purpose of "long-term average cost" of fixed investment, and they can't enjoy the good performance of the fund when the stock market rises.
3. Know your own risk-return characteristics.
Experts pointed out that it is necessary to understand their own risk-return characteristics and choose different types of funds to build investment portfolios accordingly. When constructing the investment portfolio, we might as well adopt the core-satellite strategy to configure it, and the core part chooses the value fund products with stable medium and long-term performance; Growth funds products with high growth characteristics are selected for the satellite part. This combination allows investors to share growth funds's outstanding performance when the market rises; When the market fluctuates, the steady performance of value funds can be used to reduce possible losses, which is a way of combining offensive and defensive.
4, step by step bargain-hunting, long-term flowering
A successful fixed investment should be to choose a fixed investment from the bottom of the market and then recover the income at the high point or the second high point of the market. In fact, it is difficult for most investors to do this, but choosing a relatively low point is really worth doing.
On the premise of China's steady economic growth, our current position makes us more hopeful to see the upward trend of the future market. Obviously, the current point is in the relatively bottom area. Although it is impossible to reach the lowest point of the market, there is no doubt that it is a good time to invest after every deep decline in the market.
5. Make long-term investment and iron out risks.
The greatest significance of fixed investment of pension funds lies in its time effect and compound interest effect. If the fixed investment can be related to the market cycle, that is, the fixed investment time should be long enough to basically ensure the stability of income.
The risk of fixed investment depends on time, that is, the period of fixed investment. As long as the fixed investment time is long enough, we can better avoid market risks. Therefore, when planning to invest in pension funds, we should make long-term investment preparations and stop at the low point of the market, which is tantamount to automatically giving up the opportunity to dilute costs. Compared with one-time fund investment, the risk of fixed investment is much smaller. On the one hand, the one-time investment of stock funds has greater performance fluctuation than the fixed investment, and the error of time point selection on fund performance is also smaller.