The self-owned liquidity of collective enterprises mainly comes from shareholders' share capital and enterprise's provident fund. The working capital borrowed by enterprises mainly includes working capital loans obtained from banks, working capital invested by other units, various payables and temporary receipts.
There are some items in accounts payable and temporary receipts of enterprises, such as taxes payable and deposits received. Because of the fixed settlement period, they can often participate in the capital turnover of the enterprise, just like the enterprise's own liquidity.
The part that can be frequently occupied by payables and temporary receipts that have not yet reached the settlement period is called "deemed as its own liquidity" in accounting. The indexes to evaluate the utilization effect of liquidity mainly include liquidity turnover rate, liquidity output value rate and liquidity profit rate.
Liquidity adjustment mechanism:
The liquidity adjustment mechanism is a Hong Kong-style discount window. It is a new policy tool launched by the Hong Kong Exchange Fund Bureau on the basis of the issuance of Exchange Fund bills in June, 1992. After the daily closing of the Hong Kong dollar interbank market, banks can repurchase qualified securities through the liquidity adjustment mechanism and borrow overnight funds from the Hong Kong Monetary Authority when they find that the capital position is insufficient, that is, the balance of the settlement account is negative. If the bank has surplus positions, it can also save them to earn interest.
The positive number of this overnight loan is the net capital injected into the banking system by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and the negative number is the net capital deposited by the banking system with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.