In various historical materials, there are also stories that newspapers that published the "Labor Insurance Regulations" were sold out, corporate employees organized a waist drum team to announce the good news, and workers therefore turned over their retirement savings to the government to support the war against U.S. aggression and aid Korea.

Few people now know that the origin of New China’s pension system is in the Northeast.

Fifty years later, it was precisely in this land that during the reform of state-owned enterprises in the late 1990s, the issue of elderly care caused various social conflicts.

During the War of Liberation, Northeast China was the first region to be included in the territory of the Communist Party of China.

In 1948, based on experiments in Harbin and other places, according to the "Wartime Temporary Labor Insurance Regulations for Northeast Public Enterprises" (hereinafter referred to as the "Northeast Regulations") promulgated by the Sixth National Labor Conference, from railways, posts and telecommunications, mining, military industry,

Starting from seven major industries including textiles, the labor insurance system was gradually implemented in the liberated areas.

The term "labor insurance" was "created" by Li Lisan, then secretary of the Northeast Bureau Workers' Movement Committee, and was later used in China to replace the world-wide "social insurance".

Li Lisan led the labor movement and was also the main founder of the labor insurance system in New China.

Xia Boguang, a reporter for the magazine "China Social Security" who has researched this past event, told Southern Weekend reporters that the "Northeast Regulations" were based on the Soviet social insurance model. At that time, Li Lisan's Soviet wife also helped translate a lot of information.

According to the "Northeast Regulations", each public enterprise must pay 3% of total wages for labor insurance on a monthly basis, 30% of which is deposited in a government-designated bank as the general labor insurance fund, and the remainder is retained in the enterprise for labor insurance expenses.

In addition, the payment of pension is "30%-60% of one's salary according to the length of service."

An interesting episode is that when the Northeast Regulations were formulated, there was a debate over whether workers needed to pay fees.

The earliest draft of the "Northeast Regulations" announced actually required workers to "pay five percent of their wages."

A document obtained by Xia Boguang recorded a report from the Northeast Bureau to the Central Committee, which mentioned that "many comrades, especially those in lower-level enterprises, believe that it would be better not to have workers pay for it." The reason is that the insurance premiums are entirely borne by the state.

The political significance is greater, and there is also concern that workers paying both public funds and labor insurance premiums would be "too much."

Later, this request received support from the central government and the payment terms were removed.

At that time, in an editorial in the Northeast Daily, "workers did not pay fees" as in the Soviet Union was praised as the superiority of socialist countries. The article also criticized capitalist countries for "the government or special bureaucracy."

When handling (social insurance), bureaucrats often spend huge sums from insurance funds to support them, and even use it to embezzle and enrich themselves, so that a large number of workers' blood and sweat go into the pockets of these bureaucrats."

In 1949, on the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Political Consultative Conference was held and the Communist Party's Program was promulgated, in which "the gradual implementation of the labor insurance system" was written.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Li Lisan, then the Minister of Labor of the Central Committee, took the lead in drafting the "Labor Insurance Regulations", which were promulgated by the Government Affairs Council (the predecessor of the State Council) in early 1951.

In the sixty years before the Social Security Law was promulgated, it was the only social security law in China.

According to the regulations, pensions are included in the labor insurance fund system for comprehensive consideration - enterprises withdraw labor insurance funds based on 3% of total wages on a monthly basis, 70% of which is retained by the grassroots trade union of the enterprise to pay for various security benefits such as employee pensions and medical care.

30% of sexual expenses will be turned over to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions for overall planning.

Retired employees receive a pension of 35%-60% of their original salary (raised to 50%-70% in 1953) from the labor insurance fund based on their length of service.

At that time, the "Labor Insurance Regulations" were considered a victory that led the people to overthrow the three mountains and received enthusiastic support.

Hao Yu, who once worked in the Labor Insurance Bureau of the Ministry of Labor, later wrote an article and recorded a detail. When soliciting opinions on the draft, a working group sent to Shanghai read out the contents of the regulations to female textile workers, and there was a burst of excited sobs.

, a female worker stood up and said, "I really didn't expect such a good thing. The Communist Party is the great savior of the people." According to various historical materials, newspapers that published the "Labor Insurance Regulations" were sold out,

There are stories of enterprise employees organizing waist drum teams to announce the good news, and workers therefore turning over their retirement savings to the government to support the war against U.S. aggression and aid Korea.

A popular jingle at the time was: "Socialism is good, there is labor insurance for birth, old age, sickness and death." However, the regulations only apply to enterprise employees, and the pensions of employees in government agencies and public institutions are funded by the state treasury.

In the mid-1950s, the State Council issued a document stipulating that the pension for employees in government agencies and institutions should be 50%-80% of the salary, and the pension for those with "special contributions" could be higher, which was generally higher than the salary level of enterprise employees. It once "caused a feeling of dissatisfaction among the masses."

Influence".

What has been forgotten by the world is that as early as that time, the central government was "considering" how to "merge" the security systems, including pensions, for these two groups.