What is financial service? Financial services cover a wide range. In a broad sense, financial service means that the whole financial industry plays its multiple functions of promoting economic and social development. Specifically, financial services refer to various services provided by financial institutions to customers through business activities, including financing and investment, savings, credit, settlement, securities trading, commercial insurance, financial information consultation and so on. Strengthening the awareness of financial services and improving the level of financial services are of great significance for accelerating the construction of China's modern financial system, improving the management level of financial institutions, enhancing the competitiveness of the financial industry and better promoting economic and social development. Financial services include bank account management and fund settlement, issuing loans and collecting loans and interest according to law, intermediary business, online banking and cost management of financial institutions. Financial crisis refers to the crisis related to finance, that is, the crisis of financial assets, financial markets or financial institutions, such as the stock market crash and the collapse of financial institutions. The above-mentioned individual financial crises have occurred from time to time at home and abroad. However, according to different markets and countries, if individual crises are not handled in time and well, they will easily turn into systematic financial crises. The global financial crisis triggered by the United States is a good example. Subprime loan is only a branch of the American financial tree, and its fracture was not handled in time, which led to the almost complete collapse of the whole tree, which led to a global financial disaster. Financial control is an important part of macroeconomic control. In modern economic life, the function of financial supervision is mainly performed by the central bank. The central bank regulates the total amount of money and its structure through monetary policy, and promotes the balance between total social demand and total supply by maintaining the balance between the total amount of money supply and demand and the structure. Monetary policy is the general name of the central bank's policies and strategies to adjust the supply and demand of money by using monetary policy tools to achieve macro-control objectives. Monetary policy is not the financial management policy of the central bank, but an important part of the national macroeconomic policy. The elements of monetary policy include the ultimate goal, intermediate goal, tools and transmission mechanism of monetary policy. The role of credit policy in guiding credit investment, reducing redundant construction and supporting economic restructuring and economic growth. Financial supervision refers to the supervision and management of financial institutions and their business activities by the financial authorities in accordance with the powers conferred by law in order to maintain the normal financial order, protect the interests of depositors and investors, and ensure the safe, healthy and efficient operation of the financial system. Under the market economy system, it is the premise to ensure the stability of the financial system that financial institutions operate according to law and the regulatory authorities supervise them according to law. After the reform in recent years, China has now formed a system in which the People's Bank of China, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission perform their respective duties and cooperate with each other to supervise the financial, securities and insurance industries respectively. Some countries allow banks, securities and insurance to operate in a mixed way. 1999, the US Congress formally passed the Financial Services Modernization Act, which declared the end of the separated business model after more than 60 years. Germany has long realized the universal banking system, and banks can also engage in securities and insurance business. Different from Germany, the United States realizes mixed operation through bank holding companies or financial holding companies, with subsidiaries engaged in different businesses, and each subsidiary is relatively independent in law and operation. At the same time, the financial supervision authorities in some countries exercise unified supervision over banks, securities and insurance. Finance is the circulation of value. Without the circulation of value, finance will become a "pool of stagnant water" and the value cannot be converted. If the value can't be converted, the economy can't work. The economy can't work and new value can't be generated. If it can't produce new value, human society can't develop. Therefore, the financial crisis will turn into an economic crisis when it develops to a certain extent, and the economic crisis will turn into a social crisis when it develops to a certain extent. The root causes of world wars are all economic problems. Gold once became the only medium of international trade. In the era of barter economy, businessmen can only trade with each other, so human economic activities are greatly restricted. In the era of gold standard economy, value and wealth are based on physical assets-gold. This objective physical method is very beneficial to the stable development of the global economy. However, as the carrier of value circulation, gold's disadvantages, such as inconvenient physical conditions such as handling, carrying and conversion, make it give way to more flexible paper money (currency). Nowadays, the monetary economy not only replaces the original barter economy, but also covers the gold standard economy. Monetary economy has brought unprecedented economic freedom to mankind, but it has also brought many troubles and problems to mankind, such as unbalanced world trade, inconsistent values, inflation, currency depreciation, ups and downs of economic development and so on. One of the important macro factors that triggered the global financial crisis on the spot is the global trade imbalance, especially the huge trade deficit of the United States. Gold, gold; Finance, accommodation; Financial-gold integration. At all times and all over the world, gold has become one of the most ideal representatives, storage, stabilizers and exchange media of economic value because of its indestructibility, high plasticity, relative scarcity, infinite separability, homogeneity and bright color, so it has become the object loved and sought after by the world. The original intention of breaking away from the gold standard is to achieve economic freedom and stable development. Today, however, it is counterproductive. In today's diversified currency, the "gold content" of modern finance is getting less and less, but its connotation, function and risk are getting wider and wider, which has penetrated into every corner of society and everyone's life. Financial products refer to carriers of various economic values, such as cash, stocks and futures. For example, we say that Zhang San is rich, but all his 3 million shares have been bought, and now the market value of these shares is less than 1 10,000. As can be seen from this example, value is changeable and exists in different carriers. Except for a few cases such as gold bars and bricks, this carrier often exists in the form of non-physical securities, so it is also called financial assets. In addition, because financial products can be used for profit, they are also called financial instruments. Many financial products are derived from physical assets. For example, Microsoft's stock comes from Microsoft's actual assets, while Microsoft's stock futures and options come from Microsoft's stock. For another example, mortgage-backed securities come from houses. For example, leaves come from branches, branches come from trunks, and trunks come from roots. They are interlocking and affect each other. Many financial products are derived from physical assets. For example, Microsoft's stock comes from Microsoft's actual assets, while Microsoft's stock futures and options come from Microsoft's stock. For another example, mortgage-backed securities come from houses. For example, leaves come from branches, branches come from trunks, and trunks come from roots. They are interlocking and affect each other. The financial market is the market where all financial products are traded and all financial practitioners work. The financial market can also be called the financial system, although it is very imperfect. Because the financial market is the market where all financial products are traded, it involves a wide range of fields and contents. Here is a brief introduction first, and then a detailed introduction later. Financial market or financial system is the largest category in this field, which is very complicated and can be divided in different ways. First of all, the core system of finance includes: banking system, securities system and insurance system. The broad financial system also includes hedge funds, venture capital, trust funds and private equity funds. All financial markets are capital markets. According to the term of funds, the banking system and securities system include short-term capital markets, that is, money markets, and long-term capital markets, that is, capital markets. Financial institutions refer to financial intermediaries engaged in financial services and are part of the financial system. Financial services include banking, securities, insurance, trust, funds and other industries. Correspondingly, financial intermediaries also include banks, securities companies, insurance companies, trust and investment companies and fund management companies. China (excluding Hongkong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province) has four branches: banking, securities, trust and insurance. The financial and insurance industries include: central banks, commercial banks, other banks, credit cooperatives, trust and investment industries, securities brokerage and trading industries, other non-bank financial industries and insurance industries. Four branches: banking, securities, trust and insurance. Grid research counseling provides guidance on the entrance examination for financial graduate students, college enrollment brochures, online registration, online Q&A, teacher allocation, curriculum, charging standards, professional catalogue and so on. Postgraduate degree in finance, the latest financial postgraduate policies and regulations in colleges and universities, helps students correctly apply for the ideal postgraduate major in colleges and universities. China Renmin University, university of international business and economics, Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, East China University of Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University and other popular universities for in-service postgraduate enrollment in finance.

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