1. The enthusiasm of the central government
/kloc-In the past five years, China's consumption of mineral resources has maintained double-digit growth, and the import of bulk minerals such as oil, iron, copper, aluminum and potassium salt has risen sharply, and its dependence on foreign countries has been increasing. In 2009, it consumed 408 million tons of oil, 3.02 billion tons of coal, 570 million tons of steel and cement10.47 billion tons, and the exploitation of various minerals exceeded 8 billion tons. The external dependence of main minerals is: oil 53.6%, iron ore 6 1%, aluminum 58.6%, copper 72%, potassium salt 44% and nickel 72%. China has become the country with the largest consumption of coal, steel, alumina, copper, cement, lead and zinc in the world.
The next 10 ~ 20 years will be an important period for China's industrialization and an accelerated period for the development of emerging countries in the world. According to the existing identified resource reserves and forecast demand analysis, China's foreign dependence on bulk mineral products such as oil, iron, copper, aluminum and potassium salt will remain high, and the global competition of bulk mineral products will become more intense. Compared with the rapidly increasing demand for resources, the geological prospecting in China is relatively backward.
Faced with this situation, the State Council put forward the "Strategic Action of Geological Prospecting Breakthrough" in time and fully guaranteed the funds, which is unprecedented. The overall goal of the strategic action is to realize the integrated exploration of major energy resources, the deep and peripheral prospecting of old mines, and the prospecting of metallogenic prospect areas within 8 to 10 years, closely combine the national regional industrial planning and layout and major infrastructure construction, and promote the strategic shift of resource industry to the west and the bidding of sea areas and overseas. Form a number of strategic areas of energy resources, establish an important energy resources reserve system, and promote the sustainable utilization of energy resources. Realize comprehensive exploration and evaluation of energy resources, and promote conservation, intensive and comprehensive utilization. Promote the reform of the system and mechanism of geological and mineral exploration and development. It can be seen that the enthusiasm of the central government has important strategic significance at the national level.
2. The enthusiasm of local governments
Judging from several important provinces with mineral resources and several provinces (autonomous regions) rich in mineral resources that we follow up, they all attach great importance to the "strategic action of geological prospecting breakthrough" and put it on the important agenda of the provinces (autonomous regions). The leaders of provinces (autonomous regions) personally grasp, and the relevant departments specifically grasp. There are plans, specific action plans, organizations and safeguards. However, the purpose of their special concern is different from that of the central government, mainly to promote the GDP growth of the province (autonomous region), because once the available resource reserves are found, good economic and social benefits will soon be formed. This includes the benefits of wealth growth, that is, the social wealth provided by the net value of mineral resources, such as oil-producing counties (cities) in northern Shaanxi and coal-producing counties (cities) in Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. After finding resources, they will get rich quickly and have obvious economic development benefits; Investment can be attracted through mineral resources. During the exploration period, construction period or after the production capacity is formed, the added value of local production will be rapidly increased, employment will be expanded, local fiscal revenue will be increased, local social demand level will be improved, and local economic development will be promoted. Therefore, in areas with potential mineral resources, it is urgent for the geological and mineral departments to organize their forces to find out their family background so as to make overall arrangements. To this end, while they requested the support of the central government, the provinces (autonomous regions) also increased their financial support and set up local mineral exploration funds.
Anhui province stipulates that social funds cannot be directly linked to public welfare geological work, and all mineral survey and pre-survey projects all enter the "cage" of provincial geological prospecting funds. Mining enterprises should also cooperate with geological prospecting units to enter the "cage". After the census, the mining rights will be sold through market bidding, and then the funds will be withdrawn and the business will be followed up. It can be seen that the Anhui provincial government completely monopolized the geological projects before the mineral survey and fundamentally controlled the allocation of mineral resources. The exploration and development of mineral resources by enterprises can only be obtained through bidding under the control of the government. It can even be said that the provincial government has paid attention to it to the extent of using administrative means.
3. The enthusiasm of large state-owned non-mining enterprises
Large state-owned non-mining enterprises are characterized by large scale, abundant funds, natural closeness to the government and deep pockets. So singling them out is to emphasize that they are not engaged in the physical operation of mining, but in the industries of electricity, steel, economy and trade, railways, construction and so on. They want to enter mineral exploration because of the instinct of enterprises to pursue profits. Because after entering 2 1 century, the prices of most mineral products have increased by 2 ~ 4 times, and their cost growth is far below this range. Therefore, the profit rate of mining industry is mostly higher than the average profit rate of society, which has formed great attraction.
As far as we know, some resource-rich provinces (autonomous regions), such as Qinghai, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Anhui, Henan and Tibet, have such large enterprises. Some provincial (autonomous region) governments also specially invited. In addition to the central large state-owned enterprises, local non-mining enterprises have also entered, and they have unique advantages.
It is a good thing that large state-owned enterprises have entered the field of mineral exploration and development, which has promoted the development of China mining industry. However, if they wait for the price by occupying the mining right instead of developing the industry, it will inject uncertainties into our mining development. Of course, the motives of these enterprises are understandable, but from the perspective of developing and studying the mining situation in China, we must pay attention to it. Because prospecting breakthrough is not our ultimate goal; The real purpose of mineral exploration breakthrough is to increase the output of mineral products in China, improve the supply capacity of domestic resources and increase the safety factor of resources.
4. The enthusiasm of mining enterprises
The fundamental difference between the enterprise mentioned here and the above-mentioned enterprises is that it is engaged in industrial management and produces mineral products. For most mineral products, mineral resources are transferred from underground to the ground, so the dependence of such enterprises on mineral resources is absolute and lasting. Giving them commercial mineral exploration is a surefire way to strengthen geological work. Governments at all levels should deeply understand this and unswervingly rely on such enterprises for commercial mineral exploration.
Mineral resources fundamentally determine the survival and development of mining enterprises and the prosperity and stability of local society. Because the establishment and sustainability of every mining enterprise are based on proven mineral resources. Once this condition is lost, it will not only affect the enterprise itself, but also endanger the local society. Daqing oilfield has been continuously developed for more than 50 years, that is, continuous oil and gas resources have been discovered in and around the mining area. After more than 50 years of construction, Daqing Oilfield has formed a comprehensive and complete infrastructure and production facilities system, and the costs paid by these systems have already been recovered. In this case, if they can solve the problem of connecting resources nearby, that is exactly what they are trying to do. Therefore, taking them as the main body of commercial mineral exploration is the most competent. Hongtoushan Copper Mine in Liaoning Province is also an old mine, and it is a town because of the mine. A few years ago, the depletion of mineral resources directly caused the survival crisis of the town. Some businesses have to move out, and house prices have plummeted, and no one cares. Later, due to the continuous discovery of resources in the periphery and depths, not only enterprises came back to life, but also local residents rushed to tell each other that the town had recovered its vitality and the house price had risen sharply. These conditions show that the main role of enterprises is the most important and irreplaceable in commercial geological exploration.
5. The enthusiasm of geological prospecting units
It goes without saying that it is characteristic of China to give full play to the enthusiasm of geological prospecting units. Because the so-called geological prospecting units are a huge group in China, they were formed under the planned economy system, and they are known as "hundreds of bureaus and thousands of teams". In the planned economy period, it mainly depended on the geological exploration fees allocated by the state finance for its survival and development; Under the condition of socialist market economy, it mainly relies on the mineral exploration investment provided by the government and society to continue its operation. Therefore, the enthusiasm of the above four aspects is what it most wants to see. The contribution of the above four companies is also their income. The more the four companies contribute, the more income they will get. Therefore, the enthusiasm of geological prospecting units is highly dependent, so self-mockery is "wage earners".
The enthusiasm of geological prospecting units is short-term, which has little influence on the long-term development of geological prospecting, because it pursues the contract price of geological projects in most cases. If the above four positive motives are the pursuit of geological prospecting results and the exploration service as a means, then the enthusiasm of geological prospecting units is to take the means as an end. This is determined by the nature of the cause that geological prospecting units insist on. In order to get rid of this situation, geological prospecting units must become investors in exploration investment, and then they must be commercialized, from the fifth enthusiasm to the fourth enthusiasm, that is, the enthusiasm of mining enterprises.
The above-mentioned five measures have indeed pushed the situation of mineral resources exploration in China to the best, and the geological achievements have been really encouraging, but they also lack the taste of "commerce", that is, how these newly proven mineral resources can be transformed from resource advantages to product advantages still needs efforts.