First, in terms of financing channels, the previous cooperative medical care was only mutual assistance among farmers, and the government did not invest, and its strength was not strong, and the fund lacked guarantee. The new rural cooperative medical system is a financing mechanism combining individual contributions, collective support and government funding, of which government funding accounts for the bulk. The government injected a lot of money into the new rural cooperative medical system, which enhanced the strength of the new rural cooperative medical system and the medical security ability of the participating farmers.

The second is the management subject. In the past, cooperative medical care was managed by collective organizations and farmers themselves. The new rural cooperative medical system is promoted by the government, emphasizing openness and transparency and mass supervision. Under the leadership of the government, the management organization and working system of the new rural cooperative medical system are more perfect, the fund management and use are more standardized, the proportion of medical expenses reimbursement is more scientific, it is more convenient for participating farmers to seek medical treatment and reimbursement of medical expenses, and it can give full play to the role of the new rural cooperative medical system fund and better provide medical security for participating farmers.

Thirdly, in terms of compensation ability, the previous cooperative medical system had a low compensation ability for farmers' serious illness because of its single source of funds and small total amount of funds. The new rural cooperative medical system focuses on the overall planning of serious illness, giving consideration to interests, and focusing on solving the problem of medical expenses compensation for participating farmers suffering from serious illness. The maximum compensation can be 30,000 yuan, which improves the ability to solve serious illness treatment and can better solve the problems of farmers' poverty and returning to poverty due to illness.

Fourthly, in terms of overall planning, in the past, cooperative medical care was managed by villages or towns. The new rural cooperative medical system is managed by the county (city). The expansion of the overall scope of the new rural cooperative medical system embodies the "law of large numbers" and greatly enhances the ability to guarantee and resist risks.