The essence is that in the process of meiosis forming gametes, alleles separate with the separation of homologous chromosomes, enter two gametes respectively, and are passed on to offspring independently with the gametes.
1. In somatic cells of organisms, genetic factors controlling the same trait exist in pairs, but they do not merge; In the process of gametophyte formation, pairs of genetic factors are separated, and the separated genetic factors enter different gametes and are passed on to future generations with the gametes.
2. Segregation The essence of gene segregation is that in the process of meiosis producing gametes, pairs of genetic factors are separated from each other, and there are a pair of alleles that determine relative traits in the individuals of the first hybrid generation (F 1), but they still maintain their individuality, and they separate from each other and enter a gamete cell respectively during gamete formation.
3. Two genes from parents occupy the same gene position on the same chromosome of homozygote, and they will never fuse, but still maintain their own personalities. However, in the process of gamete formation, the genes will be separated, and as a result, the characters in the second generation (F2) and the retroversion (B 1) will be separated.