(A) the reform of collective forest right system is an inevitable requirement to stabilize and improve the basic management system in rural areas. Collective forest land is an important land resource of the country, an important production factor of forestry and an important livelihood guarantee for farmers. Implementing the reform of collective forest right system, putting collective forest land management right and forest ownership into practice for farmers, and establishing farmers' dominant position in management are the expansion and extension of rural household contract management system from cultivated land to forest land, enriching and perfecting rural land management system, and will further liberate and develop rural productive forces.
(2) The reform of collective forest right system is a strategic measure to promote farmers' employment and income. The forestry industry chain is long, the market demand is large, and the employment space is wide. Implementing the reform of collective forest right system will enable farmers to obtain important means of production, stimulate their enthusiasm for developing forestry production and management, help farmers, especially those in mountainous areas, get rid of poverty and become rich, solve the "three rural issues" and promote the construction of new socialist countryside.
(3) The reform of collective forest right system is an important content of building ecological civilization. Building ecological civilization and maintaining ecological security are the primary tasks of forestry development. Implementing the reform of collective forest right system and establishing a forestry management system with clear rights and responsibilities are conducive to mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for afforestation and forest protection, increasing forest quantity, improving forest quality, enhancing forest ecological function and coping with climate change, prospering ecological culture, promoting harmony between man and nature and promoting sustainable economic and social development.
(4) The reform of collective forest right system is a powerful driving force to promote the development of modern forestry. Forestry is an important public welfare undertaking and basic industry for national economic and social development. Implementing the reform of collective forest right system, cultivating the main players of forestry development market and giving play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of forestry production factors are conducive to giving play to the ecological, economic, social and cultural functions of forestry, meeting the diversified needs of society for forestry and promoting the development of modern forestry.
Second, the guiding ideology, basic principles and overall objectives of the reform of collective forest right system
(5) guiding ideology. Fully implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, vigorously implement the forestry development strategy focusing on ecological construction, constantly innovate the collective forestry management system and mechanism, clarify property rights according to law, liberalize management, standardize circulation, reduce taxes and fees, further liberate and develop forestry productivity, promote the transformation of traditional forestry into modern forestry, and make contributions to building a new socialist countryside and a harmonious socialist society.
(6) Basic principles. Adhere to the basic management system in rural areas to ensure that farmers enjoy the right to contracted management of collective forest land on an equal footing; Adhere to the overall consideration of the interests of all parties to ensure that farmers get benefits and the ecology is protected; Adhere to respect for farmers' wishes and guarantee farmers' right to know, participate and make decisions; Adhere to the law and ensure that the reform is standardized and orderly; Adhere to classified guidance to ensure that the reform is in line with reality.
(7) the overall goal. It will take about five years to basically complete the reform task of clear property rights and contracting to households. On this basis, through deepening reform, perfecting policies, improving services and standardizing management, a benign development mechanism of collective forestry will be gradually formed to achieve the goals of resource growth, increasing farmers' income, good ecology and harmonious forest areas.
Three, clear the main task of collective forest right system reform
(8) Clear property rights. On the premise of keeping the ownership of collective forest land unchanged, the contracted management right of forest land and forest ownership will be implemented to farmers of this collective economic organization through household contract according to law, and farmers' dominant position as owners of contracted management right of forest land will be established. For the forest land that is not suitable for household contract management, with the consent of the members of the collective economic organization according to law, property rights can be realized by other means such as equal sharing and equal benefit. Village collective economic organizations may reserve a small amount of collective forest land, and collective economic organizations shall implement democratic management according to law.
The forest land contract period is 70 years. At the expiration of the contract period, the contract can be continued in accordance with relevant state regulations. Collective forest land that has been contracted to households or circulated shall be retained if it conforms to the legal provisions and the contract norms for contracting and circulation; If the contract or circulation contract is not standardized, it should be improved; Those that do not conform to the law shall be corrected according to law. The forest land and trees with disputed ownership shall be mediated according to law, and the dispute shall be implemented by the business entity after settlement. The hilly land should be used by farmers for a long time without compensation, and shall not be forcibly recovered or adjusted at will. The contracting scheme must be approved by the members of the collective economic organization according to law.
Collective forest land and trees managed by nature reserves, forest parks, scenic spots, rivers and lakes and other management institutions and state-owned forest (agricultural) farms, reclamation farms and other units should clarify the ownership relationship and safeguard the stability of management areas and the legitimate rights and interests of forest right holders according to law.
(9) Demarcation and certification. After clarifying the contractual relationship, it is necessary to carry out on-the-spot demarcation registration according to law, and issue a national unified style of forest right certificate, so that the contents of forest right registration are complete and standardized, the data are accurate, the maps, tables and books are consistent, and the people, places and certificates are consistent. The competent forestry authorities at all levels shall designate special forest right management institutions to undertake the work of forest right registration, certification, file management, circulation management, forest land contract dispute arbitration and forest right dispute mediation assigned by the people's government at the same level.
(10) Let go of the management right. Commercial forests and public welfare forests are classified. According to the law, forests and trees in areas with good site conditions and logging management will not harm ecological balance and biodiversity are classified as commercial forests; Forests and trees in ecologically important or ecologically fragile areas are classified as public welfare forests. For commercial forests, farmers can decide their business direction and business model independently according to law, and the wood they produce can be sold independently. For public welfare forests, under the premise of not destroying ecological functions, woodland resources can be rationally utilized according to law, under-forest planting and aquaculture can be developed, and forest tourism can be developed by using forest landscape.
(eleven) the right to execute the disposal. Under the premise of not changing the use of forest land, the holder of the contracted management right of forest land can subcontract, lease, transfer, share or mortgage the contracted management right of forest land and forest ownership according to law, or as a condition of capital contribution and cooperation, the contracted forest land and forest trees can be developed and utilized according to law.
(twelve) to protect the right to income. The income from farmers' contracted management of forest land belongs to farmers. Expropriation of collectively owned forest land shall pay the forest land compensation fee, resettlement subsidy, ground attachments and tree compensation fee in full according to law, and arrange social security fees for farmers whose forest land has been requisitioned. The public welfare forest designated by the government has been contracted to farmers, and the compensation for forest ecological benefits should be implemented to households; If it is not contracted to farmers, it is necessary to determine the main body of management and protection and clarify the responsibility of management and protection. Compensation for forest ecological benefits should be implemented to farmers of collective economic organizations. Arbitrary charges and levies are strictly prohibited.
(thirteen) to implement the responsibility. When contracting collective forest land, a written contract shall be signed to clarify and implement the responsibilities of the contractor and the employer in afforestation, protection and management, forest fire prevention and pest control, and promote the sustainable management of forest resources. Grassroots forestry authorities should strengthen the standardized management of contracts.
Four. Policies and measures to improve the reform of collective forest right system
(fourteen) improve the management mechanism of forest harvesting. Formulate a forest management plan, reform the management of commercial forest cutting quota, implement a forest cutting approval publicity system, simplify the approval procedures, and provide convenient services. Strictly control the cutting of public welfare forests, carry out tending and renewal cutting according to law, and reasonably control the cutting mode and intensity.
(fifteen) standardize the circulation of forest land and trees. On the premise of legality, voluntariness and compensation, the holder of the contracted management right of forest land can transfer the management right of forest land and forest ownership in various ways. The circulation period shall not exceed the remaining period of the contract period, and the use of forest land shall not be changed after the circulation. The circulation of forest land management right and forest ownership under collective unified management shall be publicized within the collective economic organization in advance, and with the consent of the members of the collective economic organization according to law, the proceeds shall be incorporated into the rural collective financial management for the distribution of members within the collective economic organization and public welfare undertakings.
Accelerate the construction of forest land and forest circulation system, establish and improve the property right trading platform, strengthen circulation management, standardize circulation according to law, ensure fair trade and prevent farmers from losing land. Strengthen the management of forest resources assets evaluation, speed up the establishment of forest resources assets appraiser system and evaluation system, standardize the evaluation behavior, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all parties to the transaction.
(sixteen) to establish a public finance system to support the development of collective forestry. Governments at all levels should establish and improve the compensation fund system for forest ecological benefits, raise compensation funds for public welfare forests through multiple channels according to the principle of "who develops and protects, who benefits and who compensates", and gradually improve the compensation standards for forest ecological benefits by central and local governments. Establish a subsidy system for afforestation, tending, protection and management, subsidize forest fire prevention, pest control, improved forest varieties and biogas construction, and support forest tending, woody grain and oil, biomass energy forests, precious tree species and large-diameter timber cultivation. Reform the management mode of afforestation funds, gradually reduce the proportion of afforestation funds, standardize the use, and governments at all levels should include the administrative funds of forestry departments in the fiscal budget. Incorporate infrastructure construction such as forest fire prevention, pest control and forestry administrative law enforcement system into the capital construction plans of governments at all levels, and incorporate infrastructure construction such as transportation, water supply, power supply and communication in forest areas into the development plans of related industries according to law, especially to increase investment in forestry infrastructure in remote mountainous areas, sandy areas and ethnic minority areas. The funds for the reform of collective forest right system are mainly borne by local finance, and the central finance gives appropriate subsidies. For counties and townships with financial difficulties, the central and provincial governments should increase transfer payments.
(seventeen) to promote the reform of forestry investment and financing. Financial institutions should develop credit products suitable for forestry characteristics and broaden forestry financing channels. Increase forestry credit, improve the financial discount policy of forestry loans, and vigorously develop forestry microfinance. Improve the forestry credit guarantee method and the forest right mortgage loan system. Accelerate the establishment of a policy-based forest insurance system to improve farmers' ability to resist natural disasters. Properly handle rural forestry debts.
(eighteen) to strengthen the social service of forestry. Support the development of forestry professional cooperative organizations, cultivate a number of leading enterprises with wide radiation and strong driving force, and promote the scale, standardization and intensive management of forestry. Develop forestry professional associations and give full play to the functions of policy consultation, information service, science and technology promotion and industry self-discipline. Guide and standardize the healthy development of intermediary services such as forest resource asset evaluation and forest management plan preparation.
Five, strengthen the organization and leadership of the reform of collective forest right system.
(nineteen) attaches great importance to the reform of collective forest right system. Party committees and governments at all levels should take the reform of collective forest right system as a major event, put it in an important position, carefully organize and arrange it, make use of the situation to ensure the reform is solidly promoted. It is necessary to implement the main leadership responsibility system and implement leadership responsibilities at all levels. Establish a working mechanism of direct leadership of counties (cities), implementation of township organizations, specific operation of village groups, and good service of departments, and give full play to the role of rural grassroots party organizations. The formulation of the reform plan should be in accordance with the law, respect public opinion and suit local conditions, and the content and specific operating procedures of the reform should be open, fair and just. On the premise of adhering to the basic principles of reform, encourage all localities to actively explore and ensure that the reform is in line with reality and achieves practical results. It is necessary to strengthen the training of leading cadres and forest reform staff, including rural grassroots cadres, and strengthen the work of dispatching, statistics, inspection, supervision and file management. Party member cadres, especially leading cadres at all levels, should set an example, and never use the reform to seek personal gain for themselves and their relatives and friends. It is necessary to improve the dispute mediation mechanism, properly resolve disputes over forest rights, resolve conflicts in time, and maintain rural stability.
(twenty) to strengthen and improve forestry management. Forestry departments at all levels should adapt to the new situation of reform, further change their functions, and strengthen macro-management of forestry, public services, administrative law enforcement and supervision. It is necessary to conduct in-depth investigation and study, conscientiously sum up experience, strengthen work guidance, and improve service methods. Carry out comprehensive law enforcement of forestry administration and severely crack down on illegal acts that destroy forest resources. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of public service systems such as forest fire prevention, pest control and so on, and improve the government-led working mechanism of forest fire prevention, pest control and deforestation. Establish an incentive mechanism for science and technology popularization, increase training, and implement forestry science and technology household projects. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots forestry institutions and incorporate the funds of township forestry workstations into the local financial budget.
(twenty-one) efforts to form a joint force to support all aspects of reform. The reform of collective forest right system involves a wide range and has strong policy. All relevant departments should carry out their duties, cooperate closely, work together, actively participate in and actively support the reform. Mass organizations and social organizations should play their respective roles and contribute to the reform of collective forest right system. Strengthen public opinion propaganda, and strive to create a social atmosphere conducive to the reform of collective forest right system.
The reform of collective forest right system is a major change in rural production relations, which is related to the overall situation and has far-reaching influence. We should closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents as the guidance, thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipate our minds, strengthen our confidence, forge ahead, solidly promote the reform of collective forest right system, and make new contributions to winning new victories in building a well-off society in an all-round way.