Knowledge points for preparing for the 2020 junior economist's economic foundation: socialist national income distribution
(A) the initial distribution and redistribution of national income
1. Gross national product and gross domestic product
All countries in the world, including China, implement the National Economic Accounting System (SNA).
Gross National Product (GNP): Also known as gross national income, it refers to the sum of the market value of the final products (including services) produced by all resident units in a country or region within a certain period (usually one year).
Gross domestic product (GDP): the total market value of the final products (including services) produced by all residents in a country or region within a certain period (usually one year).
The difference and connection between gross national product and gross domestic product: gross national product takes population as the statistical standard; Gross domestic product is based on geographical statistics.
GNP = GDP+foreign property and labor income of domestic residents-property and labor income paid to foreign residents = GDP+foreign net factor income.
Gross domestic product = gross national product-foreign net factor income
2. Initial distribution of national income
The initial distribution of socialist national income is carried out among members directly related to material production.
(1) Initial distribution of national income of enterprises owned by the whole people
It is divided into three parts: taxes or profits (turned over to the state), enterprise funds (retained by enterprises) and wages (employees of enterprises).
(2) the initial distribution of national income of collectively owned enterprises.
It is divided into four parts: tax (turned over to the state), cooperative fund (turned over to fund-raising units or competent departments), enterprise fund (retained by enterprises) and salary (employees of enterprises).
(3) the initial distribution of national income in rural collective ownership economy
Divided into tax (turned over to the state), provident fund, public welfare fund (collectively retained) and personal income (farmers).
After the initial distribution of socialist national income, it forms three parts: national concentrated net income, enterprise income and personal income of production workers, which are the three basic original incomes of socialist society.
3. Redistribution of national income
Income formed through redistribution is called derived income. National income redistribution is the distribution of national income in the whole society after the initial distribution.
(1) Reasons for redistribution:
(1) to meet the needs of the development of intangible production departments and the need to pay the labor remuneration of workers in these departments.
(2) Strengthen key construction to ensure the coordinated development of the national economy in proportion.
③ Establish social security fund.
④ Establish social reserve fund to deal with all kinds of unexpected accidents and natural disasters.
(2) the way of socialist national income redistribution
(1) National fiscal revenue and expenditure.
As a means of socialist national income redistribution, bank credit has two aspects: one is the deposit and loan activity itself, and the other is the differential interest rate.
③ Payment of labor costs
④ Price system.
(2) socialist accumulation fund and consumption fund
Examination content: be familiar with the meaning and composition of accumulation fund and consumption fund, and master the basic principles of correctly handling the relationship between accumulation and consumption.
1. Composition of provident fund and consumption fund
Accumulation fund is a part of the national income created by workers in the material production department, which is mainly used as additional production funds. Consumption fund is the part of the national income created by the workers in the material production department to meet the personal consumption and social consumption of the workers.
(1) provident fund
The accumulation fund consists of three parts: the expanded production fund, the unproductive capital construction fund and the social reserve fund. In the accumulation fund, expanding the production fund is the most important part.
(2) Consumer funds
Divided into social consumption funds (state management funds, cultural, educational and health funds, social security funds) and personal consumption funds (labor remuneration funds for workers in material production departments and intangible production departments)
2. The relationship between socialist accumulation and consumption
Under the socialist system, the provident fund represents the overall interests and long-term interests of the working people, while the consumption fund represents the personal interests and current interests of the working people. The two are fundamentally unified. But there are also contradictions between the two. It is a contradiction based on the fundamental interests of workers and can be solved through correct handling.
3. The principle of correctly handling the relationship between socialist accumulation and consumption
To correctly handle the relationship between accumulation and consumption, in general, we must adhere to the principle of "overall planning and overall arrangement" and follow the following basic principles:
(1) We must give consideration to accumulation and consumption on the basis of production development and national income growth, so that the accumulation fund can meet the needs of expanding reproduction and the consumption fund can meet the needs of improving the material and cultural living standards of workers.
(2) the proportion of accumulated funds and consumption funds must conform to the proportion of production materials and consumption materials in national income.
(3) Correctly arrange the relationship between productive accumulation and unproductive accumulation within the provident fund.
(4) Correctly arrange the proportion of social consumption funds and personal consumption funds in consumption funds.
(C) the sound and perfection of the social security system
1. Contents of social security system
Social security system refers to all measures that society provides material help to ensure the basic life and welfare of social members. The social security system mainly includes: social insurance, social relief, social welfare, social preferential treatment and other systems. It is a distribution relationship formed through the redistribution of national income.
2. Reform and improve the social security system
Reform goal: to improve the social security service network, and gradually establish a social security system with China characteristics, which is adapted to China's national conditions, diversified sources of funds, multi-level treatment structure, diversified forms of security, and legalized, socialized and standardized management system.
Specific contents of reform and improvement:
(1) Improve and expand social security projects and carry out various social insurances;
(2) Raising social security funds through multiple channels and expanding social security objects;
(3) Strengthen social security legislation to legalize social security;
(4) Implementing socialized social security management;
(5) Establish a multi-level security system.
3. The role and significance of perfecting and perfecting the social security system
(1) is conducive to ensuring people's basic livelihood and social stability.
(2) It is beneficial for enterprises to change their operating mechanisms.
(3) It will help the government to streamline its institutions and reduce its burden.
(4) It is conducive to guiding rational consumption and promoting economic construction and development. The government, enterprises and individuals share the burden and raise social insurance premiums.