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How to write a summary? Financial articles?
How to write finance and economics

Because the age structure of adult students has changed greatly, compared with previous years, it has the following characteristics: first, it is younger; Second, the length of service is short; Third, lack of text writing practice; Fourth, there is no experience in writing financial papers. Therefore, the writing of adult students' graduation thesis is the beginning of "learning financial format" writing.

(a) the selected theme. The topics of financial papers are very wide, whether it is theory or practice. There are both pure theory and practice, both theory and practice, so it is very important to choose a suitable topic. Generally speaking, students should pay attention to the following points when choosing a thesis topic:

1, determine the scope of the topic. You can choose topics according to your major, the direction of courses offered, your hobbies and social practice, and your future work intention.

2. Master the principle of topic selection. First, we should understand new viewpoints and new focuses, and choose new topics within the scope of topics. The second is to write old topics, that is, to write new topics. Many students have no new information, but there are many old topics. New ideas, new contents and new viewpoints are necessary for the new writing of old topics.

3. Pay attention to the method of topic selection. When choosing a topic, you can choose within the scope of your major, or you can choose within the scope of related majors, similar majors or marginal disciplines. When choosing a topic, we should also pay attention to avoiding generalization, obsolescence and similarity, and must be innovative and distinctive.

(2) Collecting and searching information. After selecting the theme, we should collect and find the content related to the theme, especially some new ideas and controversial focuses. There are generally two ways to collect and find information, one is extensive social investigation, and the other is reading a lot of literature and network materials. The purpose of collecting and searching information is to use it for me and my thesis. Through extensive collection of information, scientific analysis and screening, take its essence and use it for me.

(3) Determine arguments and select materials. Argument is the most basic view of "topic", and it is the attitude to put forward opinions, opinions and expressions on the issues to be discussed. It is the center of the whole argumentation process, shouldering the task of "proving what" and clearly expressing the author's attitude towards what is for and against. Defining the argument shows the author's attitude towards the "topic" and is no longer ambiguous. Of course, the argument should be correct and innovative, and the argument of financial papers had better be a hot issue in recent three years. After making the argument clear, you can select materials and refine them.

(four) layout, writing an outline, determine the structure. Before you start writing, you should think about the layout of an article, decide how to write it, and then start writing. Mainly from three aspects:

1, how to make a problem. Consider the topic first. You can choose a topic according to the determined topic to lead the writing of the article. Before or during writing, if you think the topic is inappropriate, you can modify or adjust it according to the content and writing situation of the paper. For beginners or students, try to add words such as "Shang, Shang, Shang" to the topic to reduce the quality level of the whole article, which is more in line with the characteristics and reality of students' writing.

2. How to determine the title? Thesis titles are generally divided into first-class titles, second-class titles and third-class titles. Generally, the title of the first level should be set before the next level. There are several first-class titles in the paper, which means that the paper is divided into several big questions to write. The title of the paper should follow the principle of "conciseness and focus", which should not only reflect the theme, but also indicate the content to be written under the title. When writing an outline, you should generally write a second-level title, preferably a third-level title.

3. How to state the argument. In the process of writing a thesis, "the content of the topic" can be regarded as an argument, and the content below the topic is the content of discussing or proving the argument (that is, the process of discussing), that is, the process of enumerating and proving the argument.

After thinking about how to write a certain layout, you can write the outline of the paper. The writing process of the thesis outline is actually the writing process of the thesis. After the outline of the paper is determined, after repeated thinking, adjustment and revision, the structure of the paper is basically determined, and the whole writing is equivalent to one third.

(5) Write the first draft. The first draft of the paper is written according to the determined theme and outline. In principle, the first draft should be written in the order of outline, generally in the logical order of introduction (introduction), theory (text) and conclusion (end). To write the first draft:

1, the structure of the paper should be logical and clear.

2. In terms of language words, words should be accurate and objective, and words, words, sentences and paragraphs should conform to the writing norms of the paper (written in a tone of financial writing, without rhetoric or words).

3. In writing, we should be concise, rigorous and concise.

(6) Revision and finalization. After the first draft is completed, you must read it carefully, think it over and over again, choose words carefully and revise it repeatedly. The revision mainly includes the following four aspects:

1. Modification of structural layout. After the first draft is completed, beginners will find that their article structure is always unreasonable after repeated reading, but they don't know how to adjust it. At this time, you might as well read more other people's articles, learn from other people's writing ideas, and then adjust your own article structure.

2. Revision of titles and topics. The revision of topics and titles should follow a general principle, that is, topics and titles should reflect the theme of the paper and play a controlling role in the title or paragraph. That is, the title dominates the full text, and the title should not only reflect the idea of the theme, but also reflect the central content of the title or paragraph.

3. modify the content. The revision of the discussion content mainly includes three aspects: First, the completeness of the contents of "abstract" and "keywords" has been revised. The second is to modify the words, words, sentences, paragraphs and punctuation marks in the text. Third, we should add new ideas, new contents and new references.

4. Revision of writing specifications. Different stylistic formats have different writing norms, such as "official document writing norms" and "practical writing norms", and financial papers also have writing norms for financial papers, including the norms for correctly writing topics and titles; Standardize the correct use of signatures, quotations, notes and references; Specification for the correct use of numbers, page numbers and punctuation marks; There are also specifications such as inscription, typesetting, cover, back cover and binding.

(7) Standardize typesetting. After a paper is written and revised, it should be typeset as required. Typesetting can refer to Basic Requirements and Formats of Graduation Thesis Writing.

Three, several specific issues that should be paid attention to in the process of writing financial papers

(a) in strict accordance with the requirements of writing. Graduation thesis writing has different requirements for students at different levels. Generally, there are doctoral dissertations, master dissertations, undergraduate dissertations and specialist dissertations. According to categories, there are dissertations of adult students, dissertations of self-taught students and dissertations of RTVU students. Among them, the graduation thesis of adult undergraduate and junior college students is carried out according to the basic requirements and format of graduation thesis writing.

(2) Writing should be standardized and orderly. Paper writing is generally carried out in the following order:

1, paper title (center, No.2, black song style)

2. Signature (middle name, primary four)

3. Abstract of the paper (within 300 words, the fifth song, the word "abstract" is bold)

4. Keyword (No.3 ~ No.4 and No.5, and the word "Keyword" is bold)

5, the text (small four song typeface, bold title)

Attention should be paid to the use of title numbers in the text of the paper. The serial number of the first-level title is "I", with a dedicated line and no punctuation at the end; The serial number of the secondary title is "(1)", which is a single line with no punctuation at the end. The serial numbers of titles below the third level are "1", "(1)" and "①", and whether the lines are exclusive or not can be determined according to the length of the titles. If the line is exclusive, no punctuation is used at the end, otherwise, a period must be used after the title.

6. The specific format of the reference (Song No.4) is as follows: When quoting a book: [serial number] author, title, place of publication, publishing house and year of publication. When quoting magazines and periodicals: [serial number] author, article name, periodical name, year and issue number. When quoting network materials: [serial number] author, article name, website and year.

(3) Pay attention to the subject person in the text. The writing of financial papers requires objectively and fairly reflecting economic phenomena, summing up viewpoints and conducting scientific argumentation. Therefore, in the writing process, it is generally necessary to write from a "third party" perspective, that is, from a "bystander" perspective, and personal pronouns cannot be used, especially in student papers, such as "I, we, I think, we think, I am rarely, my county, my city" and so on.