Definition of management
Under certain environmental conditions, managers plan, organize, lead, control and coordinate the resources (such as manpower, material resources, financial resources, etc.) owned by the organization in order to effectively achieve organizational goals. Management in a broad sense and management in a narrow sense;
Management in a broad sense: the application of scientific means to arrange and organize social activities so that they can be carried out in an orderly manner. Its English equivalent is administration, or regulation.
Management in a narrow sense: a series of planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling activities to ensure all business activities of a unit, the corresponding English is manage or run. Management in a broad sense includes management, but it is listed separately because it is very important. In this way, "management" and "management" are given specific meanings.
Question 2: What is the significance of enterprise management? Enterprise management refers to a series of functions such as organizing, planning, directing, supervising and regulating the production and business activities of enterprises. Enterprise management has greatly improved the operational efficiency of enterprises; Let the enterprise have a clear development direction; Let every employee give full play to his potential; Make the enterprise financial clear, the capital structure reasonable, and the investment and financing appropriate; Provide customers with satisfactory products and services; Establish corporate image and make more practical contributions to society. Management is benefit, and the function of enterprise management is to obtain maximum benefit. Enterprise management can enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, promote economic development, promote the process of economic integration, and realize the harmonious development of the global economy. Economic development can enhance the country's comprehensive national strength, improve the country's international status, consolidate the existing political power and system, solve the employment problem of some people, and promote social stability and human economic civilization. Significance and function of enterprise management: 1, enterprise management can improve the operational efficiency of enterprises; 2. It can make the enterprise have a clear development direction; 3, can let each employee give full play to their potential; 4. It can make the enterprise financial clear, the capital structure reasonable and the investment and financing appropriate; 5, can provide customers with satisfactory products and services; 6, can better establish a corporate image and make more practical contributions to society. The ultimate goal is to improve the economic benefits of enterprises. The following is my personal opinion: 1, the role of enterprise management has greatly improved the operational efficiency of enterprises; Let the enterprise have a clear development direction; Let every employee give full play to his potential; Make the enterprise financial clear, the capital structure reasonable, and the investment and financing appropriate; Provide customers with satisfactory products and services; Establish corporate image and make more practical contributions to society.
If you want a practical answer, I suggest you read the enterprise history "Thirty Years of Agitation" written by Comrade Wu Xiaobo. I just finished reading it, and I feel very shocked. In the early chaos of reform and development, a group of entrepreneurs actually appeared. Of course, at first, they didn't understand management. They are all seen step by step in practice, but they are more accurate than others. For example, Lu, Liu Chuanzhi and Wang Wenjing, some of them are college students and some are farmers. Some enterprises enjoyed several years of prosperity in that era of hot political movement, but they still closed down because of being held up by political movement; Some enterprises have explored the way of management step by step, abandoned the political line, restored the true colors of business, and followed the road of enterprise development, so enterprises can flourish so far. 2. The status of enterprise management. Enterprise management is divided into many types of management, such as financial management and human resource management, so enterprise management is a macro, which is a big unity in itself and has no status at all, because enterprise management is the first in an enterprise.
Question 3: The importance of management means care and care, and at the same time it contains a certain degree of constraints.
The activities of the crowd are managed. With management, an organization can carry out normal and effective activities. In short, management is a necessary condition to ensure the effective operation of the organization. The role of an organization depends on the management, which is the main force to coordinate the activities of all parts of the organization and adapt it to the environment. All management activities are carried out in the organization. Where there is organization, there is management, and even the smallest family needs management. On the other hand, with management, organizations can carry out normal activities, and organization and management are common phenomena in the real world.
However, when the scale of the organization is still relatively small, the influence of management on the organization is not great. The management activities in the organization are relatively simple, and there is no independent management function, so the special importance of management cannot be shown. For example, for small production enterprises, they can also rely on experience to maintain their own development. However, with the progress of human beings and the development of organizations, management plays an increasingly important role. To sum up, the importance of management is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:
First of all, management enables the organization to function normally.
Management is the prerequisite for the normal operation of all organizations. Any organized collective activity, regardless of its nature, can only be carried out in the required direction under the management of managers.
An organization is composed of its various elements, and these elements interact to produce its overall function. However, organizational elements alone are not enough, because independent organizational elements will not achieve organizational goals. Only by organically combining them through management can the organization function and operate normally. The role of organizational elements depends on management. Manage and coordinate the activities of all parts of the organization and adapt the organization to the environment. A violinist conducts himself and a band needs a conductor. Without conductor, there would be no band. In a band, an inaccurate tone will destroy the harmony of the whole band and affect the whole performance. Similarly, in an organization, without management, it is impossible to cooperate with each other and achieve the set goals, and even the existence of this organization is impossible. The effect of collective activities depends largely on the management level of the organization.
An organization's requirements and dependence on management are closely related to the size of the organization. The larger the scale of labor, the finer and more complex the division of labor and cooperation, and the more important the management work. Generally speaking, if there is a certain division of labor and cooperation in handicraft enterprises, management becomes an indispensable condition for production. However, if the production scale of handicraft enterprises is small, the production technology and division of labor are relatively simple, and the management work is relatively simple. Modern large-scale industrial production is not only complicated in production technology, but also strict in division of labor and cooperation, with a high degree of specialization and socialization, a wider range of social contacts and a higher level of management.
So is industry, and so is agriculture. A farm with large scale, many departments, complicated division of labor, advanced materials, technology and equipment, socialization, specialization and high degree of commercialization needs high-level and efficient management compared with agricultural production units with small scale, single department and simple division of labor, which are self-sufficient or semi-self-sufficient.
In short, the higher the degree of socialization of production and the finer the division of labor and cooperation, the stricter and more scientific management is needed. The bigger the organizational system, the more complicated the management problem. The huge modern production system needs a high level of management, otherwise it will not work normally.
Second, the role of management is also manifested in achieving organizational goals.
Organizations have goals, and only through management can they achieve them effectively.
In real life, we can often see this situation. Some loss-making enterprises quickly turned losses into profits just because they changed a competent and good management director. Although some enterprises have advanced equipment and technology, they have not played their due role; However, some enterprises, despite their poor material and technical conditions, can give full play to their potential with scientific management, but they can be better, thus gaining advantages in the fierce social competition. Through effective management, the overall function of the organization system can be expanded. Because of effective management, the overall function of the organizational system will be greater than the simple sum of the functions of the organizational elements, which will play a role in amplifying the overall function of the organizational system. Benefit, efficiency or speed due to different management levels under the same material and technical conditions. & gt
Question 4: The necessity of management? As the beloved Premier Zhou Enlai said, if you lag behind, you will be beaten.
In the early days of People's Republic of China (PRC), when the first five-year plan was successfully completed. New China, on the basis of broken mountains and rivers, has suddenly taken shape, and everything in production and life is thriving.
Energetic farmers, under the leadership of Chairman * * *, worked hard and accumulated a lot of wealth.
There is a debate in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China whether to let all the people live a good life first or catch up with the most advanced countries in the world first.
Now it seems that if, at that time, we catch up with developed countries in the survival index of major countries, it is really correct as suggested by some very knowledgeable scholars. Unfortunately, it suffered the greatest human disaster after World War II.
Today, this is the case.
Never changed.
Only management science survived the wild wave of 104.
This century is the century with the fastest development in 5,000 years of human history.
When the sword of Damocles hangs high, the oath is still close at hand and changing rapidly.
Only the guarantee of science and the guarantee of management science to progress are firm and consistent.
Question 5: What is the meaning of management? What is management? The definition of management has not been recognized and unified. For a long time, many Chinese and foreign scholars have made different interpretations of management from different research angles, among which the more representative ones are: Herbert, a management scientist? Answer? Herbert simon believes that management is decision-making. At present, some management books or teaching materials in the United States, Japan and European countries have different definitions of management. For example, management means that one or several people coordinate other people's activities in order to achieve results that can't be achieved by a single activity. Management is the process of planning, organizing and controlling activities. Management is to plan, organize and control the work of an organization or a group of people. The broad and practical definition of management can be regarded as an activity, in which management performs certain functions in order to effectively acquire, allocate and utilize human and material resources to achieve a certain goal. Management is to finish the work through others. The above definition can be said to reveal the meaning of management from different sides and angles, or to reveal the attributes of a certain aspect of management. What does this book think? Quot The following definition of management can comprehensively summarize the connotation and extension of the concept of management, that is, management refers to the activity process in which managers in a certain organization coordinate other people's activities by implementing functions such as planning, organizing, staffing, guiding, leading and controlling, so that others can jointly achieve their set goals with themselves. Literally, management is usually interpreted as presiding over or being responsible for a certain job. People's understanding of management in daily life is like this, and it is in this sense that ordinary people apply the word management. However, since management has entered the human ideology, almost all people who think about management from the perspective of human labor will describe and summarize the management phenomenon, and stubbornly maintain the correctness and even uniqueness of this description and generalization. Human beings have never reached a consensus on the definition of management. Because the concept of management itself is rather vague, it not only has broad sense and narrow sense, but also has different interpretations and understandings due to the differences of times, social systems and majors. With the improvement of the socialization of the mode of production and the expansion of the field of human understanding, the differences in people's understanding and understanding of management phenomena will become more obvious. For a long time, many Chinese and foreign scholars have made different interpretations of management from different research angles. However, different scholars have different starting points for studying management, so they have different definitions of the word management. So far, there is no unified definition of management. Especially since the beginning of this century, different management schools have different views on the interpretation of management concepts because of their different theoretical viewpoints. Management scholars define "management" in this way, for example: Taylor: "Know exactly what others are going to do and pay attention to let them do it in the best and most economical way"; 3. Western management schools have different interpretations of the concept of management according to their respective management theories. Among them, management is the process of completing the established goals through planning, organization, control and command. Management is decision making. The decision-making procedure is the whole management process, and the organization is a system composed of individuals as decision makers. Management is leadership, which emphasizes the importance of managers' personal influence and personality charm to management. Management is a person's job, the main content of which is to study people's psychological, physiological and social environmental effects, stimulate employees' behavioral motives and mobilize people's enthusiasm. Based on various viewpoints, the systematic understanding of management should be: management is a process in which managers or management institutions rationally allocate and effectively use the resources (including people, money, materials, time and information) owned by an organization through planning, organizing, controlling and leading within a certain range, so as to achieve the predetermined goals of the organization. This definition has four meanings: first, management is a process; Second, the core of management is to achieve the goal; Third, the means of management to achieve the goal is to use all kinds of resources owned by the organization; Fourth, the essence of management is coordination. Robbins' definition of management: management refers to the process of making activities more effective with or through others. Of course, everyone's understanding of management is different, but I think management is a process. >>
Question 6: "What is the significance of demand management?" Management studies the management of an object, which is people, organizations, things and things. One of the most critical is the management of people. Managers manage people to drive people (subordinates, employees, etc.). ) work hard and efficiently to achieve organizational goals or leadership intentions. The main tools for managers to manage the managed are incentives, including positive incentives (encouraging people to do something through rewards) and negative incentives (encouraging people not to do something through punishment). Motivation comes from motivation, and motivation comes from need. When a manager understands the needs of the managed, he can guide him to work hard according to his needs.
Therefore, need is the most basic focus in management.
Question 7: What is the meaning of management?
Management is a process of decision-making, planning, organization, guidance, implementation and control in order to achieve a certain purpose.
The purpose of management is efficiency and effectiveness. The core of management is people. The essence of management is coordination, and the center of coordination is people.
The essence of management is to aggregate all kinds of resources of enterprises, make full use of management functions, get the best return with the best input and realize the established goals of enterprises.
Specific contents of enterprise management: 1. Planning management effectively organizes the economic activities of enterprises around the requirements of overall goals by means of forecasting, planning, budgeting and decision-making. Plan management embodies management by objectives. 2. Organizational management Establish an organizational structure, specify positions or posts, and clarify the relationship between responsibilities and rights, so that members in the organization can cooperate with each other and work together to effectively achieve organizational goals. 3. Material management systematically organizes the procurement, supply, storage, economical use and comprehensive utilization of various means of production required by enterprises. 4 quality management supervision, inspection and inspection of the production achievements of enterprises. 5. Cost management focuses on cost prediction, cost planning, cost control, cost accounting, cost analysis and cost assessment. Around the occurrence of various expenses of enterprises and the formation of product costs. 6. Financial management manages the formation, distribution and use of financial activities of enterprises, including fixed funds, circulating funds, special funds and profits. 7. Labor and personnel management is the comprehensive planning, organization, systematic control and flexible adjustment of labor and personnel in all aspects of enterprise economic activities. 8. Marketing management. It is the management of pricing, promotion and distribution of products by enterprises. 9. Team management. It means that in an organization, various departments are formed according to members' work nature and ability, and they participate in various decision-making and problem-solving of the organization, so as to improve organizational productivity and achieve organizational goals. It refers to the combing, conciseness, deep planting and promotion of corporate culture. Under the guidance of corporate culture, it matches the management lines and management modules of company strategy, human resources, production, operation and marketing.
Question 8: What is the significance of refined management in enterprises? Reprint the following information for your reference.
The Function and Significance of Fine Management Fine management is the core project of the whole enterprise. To be strong, enterprises need to effectively use the essence of culture, technology and wisdom to guide and promote the development of enterprises. Its essence is that enterprises need to grasp the characteristics of high-quality products, handle the relationship between high-quality products and zero defects, establish a system to ensure the formation of high-quality products, and lay the foundation for enterprises to form core competitiveness and create brands. Its accuracy also lies in the fact that all departments and links with division of labor and process relations within the enterprise need to be accurate in cooperation and cooperation.
The essential significance of refined management lies in that it is a process of decomposing, refining and implementing strategies and objectives, a process of effectively implementing and playing a role in all aspects of enterprise strategic planning, and an important way to improve the overall execution of enterprises. More importantly, the purpose of enterprise management is to improve the operational performance of enterprises, and the means to achieve this goal is to seek benefits and capabilities from scientific management. To achieve all-round, coordinated and sustainable development, enterprises must have strong execution and superb operation level, all of which depend on the strong support of refined management.
1. Fine management is a technical method used by managers to adjust products, services and operational processes. It takes specialization as the premise, systematization as the guarantee, data as the standard, informationization as the means, and service providers as the center to meet the needs of the served, so as to obtain higher efficiency, more benefits and stronger competitiveness. (See Wang Zhongqiu waiting for refined management)
2. Fine management means replacing vague management requirements with specific quantitative standards, and transforming abstract strategies and decisions into specific development measures.
3. Fine management is a management method characterized by fine operation management, which can improve the overall efficiency of enterprises by improving the quality of employees, overcoming inertia, controlling the leakage of enterprises, strengthening links and collaborative management.
In other words, refined management is a change from extensive management to intensive management, and a change from traditional experience management to scientific management. Exquisite is exquisite, strives for perfection, details are the smallest work unit, "exquisiteness" is the only way to exquisiteness, and "exquisiteness" is the natural result of exquisiteness. Exquisiteness is a kind of consciousness, an idea, a serious attitude and a culture of Excellence. Fine management is the change of enterprise management concept.
4. Fine management is to decompose and quantify the objects of management into specific figures, procedures and responsibilities one by one, so that every work content can be seen, touched and accurately said, and every problem is handled by special personnel, rather than disrupting the war.
This concept emphasizes three levels of content. One is employee management, which is embodied in the daily work of each employee, and relies on the participation of all employees to organize and implement enterprise activities, involving the quantification and combination of post functions, the standardization of workflow and the optimization of work effect; The second is the whole process management. "Fine" is manifested in all aspects of management. Every link can't be relaxed or ignored. It should be interlocking and strictly controlled, which is what we often call detail management. The third is market management and operation.
5. Refined management is a management concept originated from developed countries, and it is an inevitable requirement of modern management for refined social division of labor and refined service quality. Modern management believes that management has three levels, one is standardization, the other is refinement, and the third is personalization. This is a key step to build on the basis of routine management and lead it to a deeper level. Fine management requires that every work should be detailed and quantified, which is conducive to implementation in action.
6. Refined management is a management concept originated from developed countries, and it is an inevitable requirement of socialized mass production and social division of labor for modern management.
"Refinement" is to get to the point in operation and management and seize the key links; "Fine" refers to the specific quantification, assessment, supervision and implementation of management standards. The core of refined management lies in implementing rigid system, standardizing people's behavior and strengthening the implementation of responsibilities, thus forming an excellent implementation culture.
7. Fine management is not only a management concept, but also a management method and project. Its connotation is to scientifically refine and reasonably optimize the production process and management process on the basis of standardization and standardization, so as to realize the process of "specialization of organizational structure, standardization of working methods, institutionalization of management and professionalization of employees".
8. The refinement of enterprise's competitive strategy is not only manifested in the meticulous cumulative competition ... >>
Question 9: The significance and importance of talent management;
Talent is the first capital of an enterprise. "International competition, in the final analysis, is the competition of comprehensive national strength. The key is the competition of science and technology. The competition of science and technology is essentially the competition of talents. " With the continuous development of socialist modernization and the continuous progress of science and technology, the market competition is becoming more and more fierce, and the requirements of enterprises for talent quality are getting higher and higher. The competition of market economy is finally reflected in the competition of talents. Whoever has a high-quality talent team will have a foundation for success. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen enterprise management innovation with talent management as the core. management of talented people
It is an important trend that the focus of modern enterprise management shifts from the management of things to the management of people. People are not only the means of management, but also the content of management. It is not only the object and object of management, but also the subject and motive force of management. In the final analysis, the innovation of modern enterprise management and the establishment of scientific management system depend on a large number of generals who enliven large and medium-sized enterprises. In view of the shortage of talents and the low quality of personnel in Chinese enterprises, we should seek the following countermeasures: strengthening talent management, implementing a democratic and scientific employment system, and cultivating a team of high-quality and mature entrepreneurs. The competition of arc enterprises is also the competition of talents. In talent management, we must first dare to introduce outstanding talents. For each position, there must be clear standards. As long as it can meet the standards, it will actively introduce talents, provide a fair and just platform, give managers full authority, and everyone has an assessment system. Assessment is linked to income, so that rewards and punishments are clear. At the same time, conduct regular supervisor audits of management personnel.
Question 10: The importance of system management. The importance of the system is reflected in: 1. Guidance and restraint. The system has certain hints and guidance on what relevant personnel should do and how to carry out their work, and at the same time, it also clarifies what relevant personnel should not do and what kind of punishment will be imposed if they violate it. Therefore, the system has the characteristics of guidance and binding. 2. False and inspiring. The system is sometimes posted or hung on the job site, urging and encouraging people to observe discipline, study hard and work hard at any time. 3. Normative and procedural. The system has played an important role in standardizing work procedures, statutory post responsibilities and scientific management methods. The formulation of the system must be based on relevant policies, laws and decrees. The system itself should be procedural and provide a basis for people's work and activities.